IRING  REGULATIONS 


FOR 


SMALL  ARMS 


U.  S.  NAVY 


1916 


^ 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1915 


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in  2007  with  funding  from 

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FIRING  REGULATIONS 


FOR 


SMALL  ARMS 


U.  S.  NAVY- 

It 


1916 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1915 


Navy  Department, 
Washington,  July  19,  1915. 
The  following  Firing  Regulations  for  Small  Arms  are  adopted  for 
the  U.  S.  Navy  and  Marine  Corps  and  the  Naval  Militia  to  take 
effect  January  1,  1916,  and  will  then  supersede  the  Firing  Regula- 
tions for  Small  Arms,  U.  S.  Navy,  1915. 

JosEPHus  Daniels, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy, 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTORY. 

Page. 

General  features 7 

Methods  of  instruction 7 

Gallery  practice 8 

CHAPTER  1. 

GENERAL   REGULATIONS. 

Rules  and  decisions 9 

Flags  and  other  aids  to  hrers 9 

Sights  and  alteration  of  material 9 

Parapets  and  posts : 9 

Allowance  of  ammunition 10 

Definitions  and  equivalent. 10 

Naval  Militia 10 

Marines 10 

Who  will  fire 11 

Payment  of  prizes 12 

Record  of  qualification 13 

Insignia 13 

Expert  team  riflemen 14 

Credits  to  divisions  and  ships 15 

Figure  of  merit 15 

Relative  standing 16 

Forms  and  range  records 16 

Individual  small  arms  record 17 

Annual  reports 17 

CHAPTER  II. 

PRELIMINARY  INSTRUCTION. 

The  rifle 18 

Cleaning  and  care  of  the  rifle 18 

The  target 19 

Aiming 20 

'^^'""'"°" 3(^mM 3-  '" 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


;'  Holdl-ag  the  tifle , 

The  sling 

The  prone  position 

The  kneeling  position 

J^he  squatting  position 

The  standing  position 

The  sitting  position 

General  principles  for  firing  in  all  positions 

CHAPTER  III. 

COURSES   AND   COMPETITIONS. 

The  kinds  of  fire  described 

Slow  fire 

Rapid  fire 

Skirmish 

Changing  positions  fire 

Firing  at  ranges  longer  tlian  the  prescribed  ranges  author- 
ized   31 

Ties 31 

Individual  prizes 31 

Marksman  course 32 

Sharpshooter  course 33 

Positions  used  in  the  sharpshooter  course 34 

Notes  on  winds 36 

Zero  of  rifle 36 

The  windage  rule 37 

The  quarter  point  rule  for  changing  windage 37 

The  square  nile  for  changing  elevation 38 

Expert  rifleman  course 40 

Information  for  expert  riflemen 40 

The  micrometer  or  vernier 41 

Weather  conditions 41 

Finding  the  target 43 

Machine  gun  course 43 

Individual  competition  general 44 

Team  competitions 45 

Primary  team  competition 45 

Division  team  competition 45 

Ships  team  competition 46 

Collective  fire  course 47 

The  pistol  course 48 

Notes  on  pistol  practice 49 

Mechanism  of  the  pistol 51 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  5 
CHAPTER  IV. 

THE   CONDUCT    OP   RANGE   PRACTICE. 

Page. 

The  officer  in  charge  of  the  range 53 

Permanent  range  details 53 

Organization  of  parties  for  the  range 53 

Time  required  to  fire  the  courses 54 

The  officer  in  charge  of  the  firing  party 54 

Coaches 55 

Firing  singly 55 

Buzzers 55 

Telephones 55 

Necessity  for  correct  marking  and  scoring J 56 

Scoring 56 

The  record 58 

Service  in  the  butts 58 

Single  targets 58 

Spotters 58 

Explanation  op  Forms  for  Prkparincj  Reports. 

Division  annual  reports  . .    59 

Ships  annual  reports 59 

Individual  small  arms  record 59 

List  of  officers  and  men  who  fired  during  the  year 60 


SUMMARY   OF  PRINCIPAL   CHANGES  IN  FIRING  REGU- 
LATIONS FOR  SMALL  ARMS,  U.  S.  NAVY,  1915. 

Sighting  shots. — Prohibited,  except  in  machine  gun  course. 

Insignia. — Distinguishing  marks  for  marksmen  and  sharp- 
shooters abandoned. 

Prizes  awarded. — Total  amount  to  be  reported  at  end  of  month 
in  which  any  prizes  are  awarded. 

Credits  to  divisions  and  ships. — Several  changes. 

Targets. — Moving  target  abandoned. 

Changing  positions  fire. — Sequence  of  positions  changed. 

Changing  targets  fire. — Abandoned. 

Moving-target  fire. — Abandoned. 

Individual  prizes. — Several  changes. 

Value  of  prizes. — Several  changes. 

Required  score  for  qualification. — Raised  in  all  courses. 

Marksman  course. — Changing  positions  fire  substituted  for  sec- 
ond rapid  fire. 

Expert-rifleman  course. — Changed. 

Machine  gun  course. — Changed.     Prizej  authorized. 

Individual  competition,  general. — Several  changes. 

All  team  competitions. — Several  changes — Copy  of  range  records 
of  teams  whose  members  receive  credits  for  expert  team  rifleman 
qualification  to  be  furnished  the  Navy  Department  without  delay. 

Pistol  courses. — Changed  to  one  pistol  course — Qualification 
abandoned — Prizes  awarded — All  hits  count. 


FIRING  REGULATIONS  FOR  SMALL  ARMS 
TJ.   S.  NAVY,   1916. 


INTRODUCTORY. 


GENERAL     FEATURES. 


1.  These  regulations  are  designed  to  furnish  systematic  and 
progressive  instruction,  with  due  regard  to  the  conditions  prevail- 
ing in  the  naval  service,  to  adaptability  to  existing  range  facilities, 
to  convenience  and  expediency,  to  economy  in  time,  ammuni- 
tion, and  effort  commensurate  with  the  results  expected  to  be 
obtained,  and,  by  relative  standing  and  competition,  rather  than 
by  stringent  requirements,  to  promote  among  all  grades  of  naval 
personnel  interest  and  effort  in  overcoming  difficulties  which  inter- 
fere with  opportunities  for  practice. 

METHODS    OF   INSTRUCTION. 

2.  These  regulations  are  intended  to  be  used  as  a  text  for  the 
instruction  of  men  in  squad  or  division  schools,  and  to  be  issued 
to  men  for  self-instruction. 

3.  A  copy  of  these  regulations  may  be  issued  without  charge  to 
every  man  who  will  fire,  and  a  sufficient  number  of  copies  for  issue 
will  be  furnished  on  application  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
(office  of  the  Director  of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering  Compe- 
titions). 

4.  Range  work  is  expedited  when  men  are  instructed  before 
their  arrival  on  the  range,  and  before  going  to  the  range  men 
should  be  familiar  with  Chapter  II,  Preliminary  Instructions. 
Petty  officers  of  the  seaman  branch  and  men  who  are  to  act  as 
coaches  should  be  instructed  in  the  entire  regulations,  and,  to 
prepare  men  for  these  grades  and  duties  and  to  promote  general 
knowledge,  interest,  and  efficient  service,  all  men,  if  time  and 
opportunity  permit,  should  be  instructed  in  the  entire  subject. 

5.  Before  a  man  fires,  he  must  understand  how  to  set  the  sights, 
how  to  aim,  how  to  operate  the  parts  of  the  rifle,  how  to  hold  the 
rifle  in  each  position,  how  to  squeeze  the  trigger,  and  the  other 
general  principles  of  firing.  A  good  coach  can  give  him  this 
instruction  on  the  range,  but  better  results  will  be  accomplished, 
and  the  work  will  proceed  more  expeditiously  if  the  firer  has 
been  previously  instructed.     If  he  has  not  been  instructed,  and 

2898°— 15 2  7 


8  SMALL  ARMS  riRING  REGULATIONS. 

has  no  coach  to  supply  the  deficiency,  it  is  better  that  he  should 
not  shoot,  bev?ause  practice  without  the  benefit  of  any  instruction 
is  worse  than  useless;  wrong  habits  are  acquired,  men  do  not  im- 
prove, and  it  becomes  more  difficult  to  teach  them. 

G.  The  development  of  a  trained  class  of  coaches  is  necessary 
for  progress.  Coaching  is  permitted  in  all  firing,  and  the  employ- 
ment of  coaches  in  the  individual  courses  will  be  required  if  cir- 
cumstances permit.  Even  when  men  have  been  carefully  in- 
structed before  coming  to  the  range,  a  coach  should  be  present  to 
see  that  the  instructions  are  carried  out  and  proper  methods  used, 
to  assist  and  teach  the  firers,  to  assist  in  the  conduct  of  the  practice, 
and  to  guard  against  accident  and  delay. 

GALLERY   PRACTICE. 

7.  Gallery  practice  with  reduced  charges  and  practice  with  sub- 
target  gun  machines  or  other  mechanical  devices  are  not  required 
under  these  regulations.  If  held,  they  are  a  continuation  of  the 
preliminary  training  of  holding  and  aiming.  The  interest  of  men 
under  instruction  soon  diminishes  with  no  other  stimulant  than 
simulated  fire  or  snapping.  The  possibility  of  recording  results  of 
instruction  by  the  hit  carries  the  interest  further;  it  incites  competi- 
tion and  exposes  inattention;  it  gives  the  instructor  further  oppor- 
tunity to  observe  the  individual  and  to  correct  his  faults  in  detail; 
it  records  certain  faults  such  as  incorrect  understanding  of  the  line 
of  sight,  canting  the  rifle,  and  faulty  trigger  squeeze. 

8.  Careless  gallery  practice  may  do  injury,  for  with  the  lack  of 
recoil  in  the  reduced  charges  men  may  acquire  habits  of  holding 
which  are  all  right  for  the  reduced  charge,  but  which  will  be  faulty 
and  make  them  gun-shy  w^hen  they  advance  to  the  service  loaa. 
All  gallery  practice  should  be  under  a  competent  instructor  at 
each  firing  point,  who  must  be  sure  that  careless  habits  of  holding 
are  not  formed. 

9.  Gallery  practice  having  for  its  object  only  a  means  of  teaching 
the  elementary  principles,  nothing  is  gained  by  requiring  it  to  be 
done  at  more  than  one  distance.  Fifty  feet  is  the  maximum  dis- 
tance at  which  the  hit  is  plainly  visible  to  the  firer.  Practice  at 
longer  distances,  with  reduced  charges  introduces  inconveniences 
and  delays  without  offering  any  benefit  in  return.  All  the  dif- 
ferent positions  and  holds  can  be  practiced  from  one  point  quite 
as  well  as  from  several.  The  sights  of  each  rifle  should  be  correctly 
set  and  tested  by  the  instructor.  No  report  of  gallery  firing  wdth 
reduced  charges  is  required.  The  course  and  the  methods  to  be 
used  are  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  commanding  officer  or  officer 
charged  with  the  preparation  of  the  men  for  the  range. 


CHAPTER   I. 

General  Regulations. 

rules  and  decisions. 

10.  The  purpose  of  all  firing  is  to  promote  the  art  of  using  arms, 
to  develop  methods  for  improving  that  art,  and  to  promote  the 
development  of  small  arms  material. 

11 .  All  rules  and  decisions  which  do  not  tend  to  these  purposes, 
or  to  expediency,  and  which  uselessly  annoy,  restrict,  or  incon- 
venience, are  forbidden. 

FLAGS   AND    OTHER   AIDS   TO    FIRERS. 

12.  The  use  of  flags  to  indicate  force  and  direction  of  wind,  wind 
clocks,  orthoptics,  or  other  aids  to  firers,  is  permitted, 

SIGHTS    AND   ALTERATION    OF   MATERIAL. 

13.  Any  kind  of  sight,  peep,  open,  telescope,  or  other  impro- 
vised sight  may  be  used  in  all  firing,  and  the  alteration  or  sub- 
stitution of  sights,  or  other  accessories  to  the  rifle,  with  a  view 
to  making  it  more  accurate  and  efficient,  is  permitted  and  encour- 
aged, but  improved  arrangements  or  modifications  shall  only  bo 
tried  when  the  arrangement  a3  supplied  is  not  altered  and  can  be 
restored  if  necessary.  Report:^>  upon  experiments  with  sights  and 
other  material  are  desired . 

PARAPETS    AND    POSTS. 

14.  Parapets  and  posts  will  be  provided  on  the  firing  lines  on 
ranges  on  which  the  sharpshooter  course  is  to  be  fired,  as  follows: 
At  500  yards  a  parapet  12  inches  high  for  the  prone  j)osition,  at 
400  yards  a  parapet  24  inches  high  for  the  sitting  position,  at  300 
yards  a  parapet  30  inches  high  for  the  kneeling  position,  at  200 
yards  posts  at  least  5  feet  above  the  ground  and  of  a  suitable 
diameter,  the  larger  the  better,  for  the  standing  position. 

15.  The  firer's  position  is  behind  the  parapet  or  post,  and  the 
hand,  arm,  or  rifle,  must  touch  the  parapet  or  post. 

16.  There  may  be  trenches  behind  the  parapet,  in  which  event 
the  height  of  the  top  of  the  parapet  above  the  bottom  of  the  trench 
or  berm  where  the  firer  kneels,  sits,  or  rests  his  elbows,  will  be  as 
prescribed  above. 

17.  The  parapet  need  not  be  continuous;  spaces  in  the  line  will 
facilitate  exit  from  the  trenches  and  movement  forward. 

18.  Until  Navy  ranges  are  provided  with  parapets  and  posts,  and 
on  ranges  not  belonging  to  the  Navy  where  these  can  not  be  pro- 
vided, the  firing  may  be  held  from  the  prescribed  positions  with- 
out the  rests. 


10  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

ALLOWANCE    AND  ISSUE    OF   AMMUNITION. 

19.  The  allowance  of  small  arms  ammunition  is  unlimited. 

20.  No  sighting  or  trial  shots  are  allowed  except  as  authorized  in 
the  machine  gun  course. 

21.  To  prevent  carelessness  in  taking  care  of  ammunition  issued, 
officers  in  charge  of  practice  may,  in  their  discretion,  prohibit  the 
issue  of  ammunition  to  replace  lost  ammunition  and  assign  a  zero 
value  in  the  score  to  each  shot  thus  forfeited. 

DEFINITIONS    AND    EQUIVALENTS. 

22.  A  naval  station  (not  including  organized  regiments  or  sepa- 
rate battalions  serving  thereat,  or  the  marine  barracks),  a  regiment, 
or  separate  battalion  of  naval  personnel  or  marines,  a  marine  bar- 
racks (not  including  regiments  or  separate  battalions  stationed 
thereat),  a  destroyer  or  other  vessel  except  auxiliaries  and  sub- 
marines, and  a  division  of  submarines,  are,  so  far  as  these  regula- 
tions are  concerned,  considered  the  equivalent  of  a  ship,  and  all 
regulations  herein  applicable  to  ships  are  likewise  applicable  to 
the  equivalents. 

23.  A  detachment  of  marines,  a  company,  or  a  submarine,  and 
the  officers  and  men  not  attached  to  divisions,  are  likewise  the 
equivalent  of  a  division. 

24.  The  small  arms  year  is  from  January  1  to  December  31. 

25.  Annually  means  the  period  included  in  the  small  arms  year. 

26.  Current  enlistment  includes  extensions  to  enlistment  periods. 

NAVAL   MILITIA. 

27.  These  regulations  apply  to  the  Naval  Militia. 

28.  The  allowance  of  ammunition  and  the  payment  of  prizes  from 
approj)riations  available  for  the  Naval  Militia  will  be  regulated 
from  time  to  time  by  the  department. 

29.  Reports  of  practice  from  the  Naval  MiUtia  will  be  submitted 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  (Division  of  Naval  Militia  Affairs),  and 
will  be  referred  by  the  Division  of  Naval  Militia  Affairs  to  the 
Director  of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering  Competitions,  to  be 
included  in  the  reports  of  that  office. 


30.  OfB.cers  and  men  of  the  Marine  Corps  afloat  and  ashore  will 
be  governed  by  these  regulations  in  like  manner  as  officers  and 
men  of  the  Navy. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  11 

31.  Reports  of  practice  of  detachments  afloat  will  be  made  in 
like  manner  as  divisions  of  the  Navy  afloat,  and  in  addition 
thereto  commanding  officers  of  detachments  afloat  will  submit  to 
the  Major  General  Commandant  copies  of  all  reports. 

32.  Reports  of  practice  of  officers  and  men  attached  to  shore 
stations  will  be  made  to  the  Major  General  Commandant  only. 

33.  Nothing  in  these  regulations  revokes  the  provisions  of  the 
Navy  Regulations  and  Naval  Instructions  concerning  firing  under 
the  Army  courses. 

34.  Firing  under  the  Army  courses  and  the  qualifications  attained 
thereunder  are  separate  and  distinct  from  the  firing  and  qualifica- 
tions in  the  Navy  courses,  and  marines  afloat  should  be  given  an 
opportunity  to  fire  the  Army  courses. 

35.  Reports  of  practice  under  the  Army  courses  by  detachments 
afloat  will  be  made  to  the  Major  General  Commandant. 

WHO    WILL   FIRE. 

36.  When  attached  to  ships  in  commission,  or  to  divisions, 
companies,  or  detachments  at  stations  or  barracks  ashore,  unless 
circumstances  render  it  impracticable,  all  officers  of  the  line  of  the 
Navy  and  of  the  Marine  Corps  below  the  rank  of  lieutenant  com- 
mander, and  all  men  of  the  seaman  branch  of  the  Navy,  and  of 
the  Marine  Corps,  should  be  required  to  fire  the  courses  as  pre- 
scribed. 

37.  All  other  officers  and  men  of  the  line  or  staff  are  authorized 
to  fire  the  courses  as  prescribed  whenever  circumstances  permit, 
and  when  firing  is  done  by  officers  and  men  not  required  to  fire 
the  ship  or  division  to  which  they  are  attached  will  receive  credit 
for  the  firing  in  determining  the  relative  standing. 

38.  A  man  who  reenlists  begins  his  firing  anew,  and  as  an  un- 
qualified man;  and  even  though  he  may  have  fired  any  course 
previously  during  the  year,  he  is  again  eligible  to  compete  for 
prizes. 

39.  An  officer's  qualification  does  not  expire. 

40.  An  enlisted  man' s  qualification  extends  until  his  enlistment 
is  terminated . 

41.  Officers  who  have  previously  qualified,  and  enlisted  men 
who  have  qualified  during  current  enlistment  as  marksman  or 
sharpshooter,  do  not  fire  these  courses  for  credits  or  for  individual 
competition.  Officers  and  men  may  fire  for  credits  and  men  for 
individual  competition  the  expert  rifleman  course  each  year  while 
attached  to  each  division  or  equivalent  until  they  requalify. 


12 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


PAYMENT    OF   PRIZES. 

42.  The  commanding  ofl5.cer  will  direct  tlie  payment  of  prizes 

without  delay  after  the  day's  firing. 

43.  When  organization  commanders  render  and  subscribe  pay 
rolls  upon  which  prizes  are  awarded,  the  entry  of  the  prize  upon 
the  pay  roll  thus: 

Prize — Marksman,  $1. 

Prize — SMps  (or  station,  barraclcs,  regimental,  battalion,  etc.)  team,  $5. 

when  the  pay  roll  is  approved  by  the  commanding  officer,  is 
sufficient  to  authenticate  the  award  of  prize. 

44.  The  method  of  preparing  order  for  award  of  prizes  is  shown 
below. 

[No  blank  forms  are  furnished  for  this  order.] 

(Ship  or  Station) 
To:  Commanding  officer.  (Date) 

Subject:  Small  arms  prizes. 

The  following-named  men  have  been  awarded  (date),  under  the 
authority  of  Firing  Regulations  for  Small  Arms,  United  States 
Navy,  1916,  the  prizes  set  opposite  their  respective  names: 


Pay 
No. 


Rate. 

Divi- 

Sea. 

2 

O.S. 

2 

M.A.A.  2cl. 

3 

B.  M.  Icl. 

4 

Sea. 

6 

Sea. 

6 

Sea. 

6 

C.  B.  M. 

5 

O.S. 

7 

Sea. 

1 

Kind  of  prize. 


Value. 


Black,  A.  B... 
Brown,  CD.. 
Blue,  E.  F.... 
White,  G.  H.. 
Green,  M,  M. . 
Green,  M.  M. . 
Green,  M.  M.. 

Gray,  K.  L 

Red,  O.  P 

Purple,  R.  S.. 


Marksman 

Sharpshooter 

Expert  rifleman.. . 
Individual  general. 

Pistol 

Machine  gun 

Collective  fire 

Division  team 

Primary  team 

Ships  team 


$1.00 
2.00 
3.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
2.00 
5.00 
1.00 

20.00 


,  U.  S.  N., 


Gunnery  O peer  A 

Forwarded,  approved,  to  the  pay  officer,  who  is  authorized  to  pay  without 
delay  to  the  above-mentioned  men  the  prizes  so  awarded  them. 

,  U.  S.  N., 

CommaTiding. 

Notes. — The  values  of  collective  fire,  division  team,  and  ships  team  prizes  vary. 

The  pay  numbers  are  inserted  by  the  pay  officer. 

When  men  to  whom  prizes  are  to  be  awarded  are  carried  on  separate  pay  rolls, 
prepare  a  separate  order  for  the  men  carried  on  each  pay  roll. 

When  organization  commanders  render  and  subscribe  pay  rolls,  approved  by  the 
commanding  officer,  this  order  is  not  needed  as  a  voucher  to  support  the  credit  for 
prizes,  but  serves  as  authority  for  the  immediate  payment. 


'  Or  the  officer  having  possession  of  the  range  records. 


sulalIj  arms  firing  regulations.  13 

45.  Prizes  to  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  are  paid  from  the  appro- 
priation ' '  Gunnery  Exercises . ' ' 

46.  In  order  to  enable  the  department  to  keep  a  record  of  ex- 
penditures from  the  appropriation  ''Gunnery  Exercises, "  com- 
manding officers  will  report  the  total  amount  of  money  awarded 
to  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  for  small  arms  prizes  at  the  end  of 
each  month  in  which  the  prizes  are  awarded.  This  is  not  required 
in  the  case  of  marines. 

47.  Prizes  to  enlisted  men  in  the  Marine  Corps  are  paid  from 
appropriation  "Pay,  Marine  Corps." 

48.  Prizes  to  enlisted  men  of  the  Naval  Militia  may  be  paid 
from  such  appropriation  as  may  be  allotted  for  that  purpose. 

49.  Money  prizes  for  firing  under  these  regulations  shall  not  be 
paid  to  ofiicers. 

RECORD   OF   QUALIFICATION. 

50.  All  qualifications  as  marksman,  sharpshooter,  and  expert 
rifleman,  and  all  requalifications  as  expert  rifleman  with  score, 
the  date  attained,  the  range  upon  which  qualification  was  attained, 
the  ship  to  which  attached,  and  all  credits  which  contribute  to 
qualification  of  expert  team  rifleman  will  be  entered  in  the  service 
record,  thus: 

Marksman  (245)  1-31-15,  Guantanamo,  U.  S.  S.  Florida. 

Member  of  team  representing  the  U.  8.  Navy  (or  Marine  Corps)  in 
National  (or  National  Divisional)  Team  Match  (date),  (location  of 
range). 

Member  of  ships  (or  division)  team  standing  first  (or  second,  etc.)  in 
team  competition  with  (number)  teams  competing  (date),  (location  of 
range),  (where  attached). 

51.  Evidence  of  qualification  is  complete  when  so  entered.  A 
man  becomes  qualified  immediately  upon  making  the  requisite 
score.     No  further  formality  is  required  to  effect  it. 

52.  The  score  sheets  may  be  posted  on  a  protected  bulletin  board, 
and  when  this  is  not  done,  the  list  of  qualifications  with  scores, 
the  standing  of  teams  with  individual  and  team  total  scores,  and 
the  award  of  all  individual  and  team  prizes  should  be  posted  on 
the  bulletin  board  after  each  day's  firing. 


53.  No  medals  will  be  awarded  for  qualification  in  the  Navy 
qualification  courses. 

54.  Enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  and  Marine  Corps  and  the  Naval 
Militia  qualifying  as  expert  rifleman  will  wear  upon  the  right 
sleeve  of  coat,  overshirt,  jumper,  and  flannel  shirt  a  distinguishing 


14  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

mark  embroidered  in  white  on  blue  for  blue  clothing,  and  in  blue 
on  white  for  white  clothing,  and  in  gray  on  olive  drab  (or  other 
color)  for  olive  drab  (or  other  color)  clothing  as  follows: 

The  sides  of  a  square,  each  side  one  inch  long,  inclosing  a  circle 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  a  circle  one-half  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  and  a  bull  's-eye  one-quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
the  lines  to  be  of  narrow  width. 

These  distinguishing  marks  will  be  drawn  in  the  same  manner 
as  other  distinguishing  marks  from  clothing  and  small  stores. 

55.  Expert  riflemen  will  wear  the  distinguishing  mark  from  the 
date  of  qualification  to  the  end  of  their  enlistments  or  extended 
enlistments.  Failure  to  requalify  in  succeeding  years  of  current 
enlistment  does  not  remove  qualification. 

56.  An  appropriate  medal  will  be  awarded  to  those  who  qualify 
as  expert  team  riflemen. 

EXPERT  TEAM   RIFLEMEN. 

57.  In  order  to  encourage  team  competitions  and  to  distinguish  a 
class  of  officers  and  men  who  have  shown  superior  skill  in  team 
competitions,  the  qualification  expert  team  rifleman  is  established, 
and  any  oflicer  or  man  who  within  a  period  of  four  consecutive 
small-arms  years  has  qualified  as  expert  rifleman  and  also  in  any 
later  year  requalifies  as  expert  rifleman,  and  in  addition  has  any 
three  of  the  following  team  credits,  is  entitled  to  be  announced  as  an 
expert  team  rifleman  and  to  receive  a  medal  for  the  qualification: 

(a)  Membership  on  any  team  representing  the  Navy  or  Marine 
Corps  in  a  National  Team  Match  or  National  Divisional  Team 
Match. 

(6)  Membership  on  an  officers'  team  representing  a  ship,  a 
division  team,  or  a  ships  team  standing  first  in  a  competition  with 
four  or  more,  second  with  eight  or  more,  third  with  twelve  or  more, 
fourth  with  sixteen  or  more  teams  competing,  etc.,  adding  one 
place  for  each  four  teams  competing. 

58.  Application  for  this  qualification  should  be  made  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  (Office  of  the  Director  of  Target  Practice  and 
Engineering  Competitions),  or  in  case  of  marines,  to  the  Major 
General  Commandant,  and  should  state  clearly  the  facts  upon 
which  the  claim  to  eligibility  is  based.  Commanding  officers  in 
forwarding  applications  will  furnish  such  information  from  the 
records  on  their  ship  as  will  aid  in  verifying  the  claims. 

59.  Only  one  expert  team  rifleman  medal  will  be  issued  to  any 
officer  or  man.     Lost  medals  may  be  replaced  at  the  cost  of  $21  each. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  16 

CREDITS   TO    DIVISIONS   AND    SHIPS. 

60.  The  following  credits  are  assigned: 

TO  DIVISIONS  AND  EQUIVALENTS  OF  DWISIONS. 

For  each  officer  or  man  authorized  to  fire  the  course  for  credits 
who,  during  the  year  and  while  attached — 

(a)  Finally  qualifies  as  marksman  and  no  higher 2 

(b)  Finally  qualifies  as  sharpshooter  and  no  higher 3 

( c)  Finally  qualifies  or  requalifies  as  expert  rifleman 5 

(For  those  who  fail  to  advance  hi  qualification  or  to  requalify  as  expert 
rifleman  none  of  the  above  credits  are  assigned. ) 

(d)  Fires  the  pistol  course 1 

(e)  Fires  the  machine-gun  course 1 

(/)  Fires  in  an  individual  competition  general 1 

(g)  Fires  in  a  collective  fire  squad 1 

For  each  team^ — 

(h)  Entered  in  a  primary  team  competition 8 

(i)  Entered  in  a  division  team  competition 8 

(j)  Winning  $2  prizes  in  a  division  team  competition  in  addi- 
tion to  the  credits  for  entering : 16 

(k)  "Winning  |5  prizes  in  a  division  team  in  addition  to  the 
credits  for  entering 40 

TO  SHIPS  AND  EQUIVALENTS  OF  SHIPS. 

The  aggregate  of  credits  to  divisions  or  equivalents  of  divi- 
sions increased  by  the  following  team  credits: 
For  each  team — 

(A)  Entered  in  a  ships  team  competition 40 

(B)  Winning  $5  prizes  in  a  ships  team  competition  in  addition 

to  the  credits  for  entering 40 

(C)  Winning  $10  prizes  in  a  ships  team  competition  in  addi- 
tion to  the  credits  for  entering 80 

(D)  Winning  $20  prizes  in  a  ships  team  competition  in  addi- 
tion to  the  credits  for  entering ]  60 

FIGURE    OF    MERIT. 

61.  The  sum  of  credits  of  a  division  divided  by  the  total 
number  of  officers  and  men  in  the  allowed  complement  of  the  divi- 
sion at  the  end  of  the  year  or  at  the  time  the  report  is  submitted, 
whether  there  are  officers  or  men  in  excess  of,  or  short  of,  the 
complement,  is  the  figure  of  merit  of  the  division. 

62.  The  sum  of  all  credits  of  all  divisions  plus  the  sum  of  all 
credits  on  account  of  officers  and  men  not  attached   to  divisions 

2898° — 15 :) 


16  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

(except  flag  personnel)  plus  the  sum  of  all  credits  on  account  of 
ships  teams  divided  by  the  total  number  of  oflBcers  and  men  (ex- 
clusive of  flag  personnel)  in  the  ships  allowed  complement 
whether  there  are  officers  and  men  in  excess  of,  or  short  of,  the 
complement,  is  the  figure  of  merit  of  the  ship. 

RELATIVE    STANDING. 

63.  Relative  standing  is  determined  by  the  figure  of  merit,  and 
the  following  relative  standings  will  be  published : 

All  ships  (including  divisions  of  submarines)  in  commission. 
All  shore  stations  or  other  equivalents  of  ships. 
Ships  in  each  fleet. 
Ships  of  each  class. 

The  relative  standing  of  a  number  of  divisions  having  the  highest 
figures  of  merit. 

FORMS  AND  RANGE  RECORDS. 

64.  The  Office  of  the  Director  of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering 
Competitions  will  furnish  loose-leaf  binders  for  use  of  score  takers 
on  the  range,  and  for  filing  records  and  forms,  and  the  following 
forms: 

Range  record  for  individual  courses. 

Range  record  for  team  competitions. 

Memorandum  record  of  skirmish  nms. 

Individual  small  arms  record. 

Division  annual  report  of  small  arms  practice. 

List  of  officers  and  men  who  fired  during  the  year. 

Annual  report  of  small  arms  practice. 

The  use  of  forms  is  not  required.  The  forms  are  furnished  only  for  convenierce 
and  if  no  forms  are  on  hand  records  and  reports  showing  the  necessary  data  may  be 
made  on  any  sheets  (preferably  5  by  8  inches,  so  that  they  may  be  inserted  in  the 
binders). 

65.  Where  division  commanders  are  the  custodians  of  the  service 
records  of  their  men  the  range  records  will  be  held  in  their  custody, 
otherwise  they  will  be  filed  in  the  custody  of  the  gunnery  officer 
or  other  custodian  of  gunnery  or  small  arms  records. 

66  When  one  officer  keeps  the  range  records  of  several  divisions 
he  will  file  them  so  that  the  records  of  each  division  will  be  separate, 
and  shall  also  keep  separately  the  records  containing  credits  which 
accrue  to  the  ship  only. 

67.  When  detachments  are  sent  to  distant  ranges  individual 
small  arms  records  will  accompany  them.  After  firing,  their  range 
records  will  be  forwarded  to  their  proper  stations  for  award  of  prizes, 
record  of  qualification,  entry  of  qualification  in  service  record,  and 
other  information,  and  for  file.     The  prizes  are  paid  or  credited 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  17 

on  the  rolls  at  the  ship  or  station  to  which  the  men  are  attached. 
No  other  evidence  than  that  shown  on  the  range  record  is  required. 

68.  Range  records  of  officers  not  attached  to  ships  or  stations  may 
be  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  (Office  of  Director  of  Target 
Practice  and  Engineering  Competitions),  or,  in  case  of  marine  offi- 
cers, to  the  Major  General  Commandant.  Range  records  of  men 
not  attached  to  ships  or  stations  are  sent  to  custodians  of  their 
service  records. 

69.  The  record  sheets  are  not  submitted  with  reports  from  di- 
visions or  ships,  but  are  retained.  Two  years  from  the  end  of  the 
small  arms  year  in  which  the  records  were  made  they  will  be  de- 
stroyed. When  a  ship  goes  out  of  commi  sion  or  an  organization  is 
disbanded ,  the  records  not  destroyed  as  above  prescribed ,  together 
with  all  binders  and  forms,  will  be  forwarded  to  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment (Office  of  Director  of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering  Com- 
petitions), or,  in  case  of  marines,  to  the  Major  General  Commandant. 

70.  The  Director  of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering  Competitions 
is  authorized  to  call,  at  any  time,  for  the  record  sheets  not  re- 
quired to  be  destroyed. 

INDIVIDUAL   SMALL  ARMS    RECORD. 

71.  An  individual  small  arms  record  will  be  prepared  for  each 
officer  and  man  who  fires.  All  entries  on  the  range  records  will 
be  entered  in  the  individual  small  arms  record.  The  individual 
small  arms  record  will  not  accompany  a  man's  service  record  on 
transfer,  but  will  be  retained  for  use  in  preparing  annual  reports. 

ANNUAL   REPORTS. 

72.  An  annual  report  for  each  division  and  for  the  officers  and 
men  not  attached  to  divisions  will  be  prepared  in  duplicate  by  the 
custodian  of  the  range  records;  one  copy  is  retained,  and  one  copy 
accompanies  the  ship's  annual  report.  Each  report  will  be  accom- 
panied by  a  list  of  officers  and  men  who  fired  during  the  year  and  by 
a  copy  of  the  individual  small  arms  record  of  each  officer  who  fired. 

73.  An  annual  report  for  each  ship  will  be  prepared  in  duplicate 
from  the  data  contained  in  the  annual  reports  of  divisions  and  of 
officers  and  men  not  attached  to  divisions,  by  the  gunnery  officer, 
or  other  custodian  of  gunnery  or  small  arms  records.  One  copy  of 
this  report  is  retained. 

74.  Annual  reports  will  be  submitted  not  later  than  10  days 
after  the  end  of  the  small  arms  year  (Dec.  31)  and  when  ships 
go  out  of  commission.  They  may  be  submitted  before  the  end 
of  the  small  arms  year  when  it  Is  evident  that  there  will  be  no 
more  practice  before  the  end  of  the  year. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Preliminary  Instruction. 

the  rifle. 

75.  The  instructor  should  explain  the  use  of  the  rear  sight  and  of 
the  principal  operating  parts,  such  as  the  bolt  and  the  magazine 
mechanisms,  especially  the  safety  lock  and  magazine  cut-off,  how 
to  remove  the  bolt  and  floor  plate.  He  should  dismount,  clean, 
and  reassemble  all  parts  carried  in  the  bolt  and  magazine,  and 
require  each  man  to  do  the  same ;  point  out  and  name  the  principal 
parts  and  cause  the  men,  first,  to  point  out  each  part  as  it  is  named; 
second,  to  name  each  part  as  it  is  pointed  out. 

76.  The  principal  parts  are: 

Bolt  and  its  mechanism,  handle,  firing  pin  with  striker  and 
cocking  piece  or  comb  or  knob  of  firing  pin,  extractor,  safety  lock. 

Magazine  and  its  mechanism,  floor  plate,  floor  plate  catch, 
magazine  spring  follower,  ejector,  chamber  of  bore,  cut-off. 

Front  sight,  rear  sight  with  leaf,  drift  slide  with  peep,  slide  with 
binding  screw,  windage  screw. 

Stock,  balance,  grooves,  hand  guard,  small  of  stock,  comb  of 
stock,  butt,  toe  of  butt,  heel  of  butt. 

Butt  plate,  butt  plate  cap  opened  with  the  flange  of  cartridge 
case.     Oiler  and  thong  case,  thong  and  thong  brush. 

Upper  band,  bayonet  stud,  stacking  swivel. 

Lower  band,  lower  band  swivel. 

Butt  swivel,  trigger,  trigger  guard. 

Bayonet,  grip,  pommel,  guard,  scabbard  catch,  bayonet  catch. 

77.  Precautions. — Unless  the  bolt  is  drawn  fully  back  the  ejector 
will  fail  to  work,  and  in  magazine  fire  it  will  cause  a  jam. 

When  a  misfire  occurs,  press  the  bolt  handle  well  down,  pull 
the  cocking  piece  to  the  rear,  and  try  again.  Unless  the  bolt 
handle  is  fully  down  the  firing  pin  does  not  strike  with  full  force. 
Almost  all  misfires  are  due  to  this  fault. 

For  practicing  the  motions  of  rapid  fire  with  the  rifle  unloaded , 
turn  the  cut-off  down  or  ''off,  "  otherwise  the  bolt  can  not  be  worked 
back  and  forth. 

CLEANING   AND   CARE    OF   THE    RIFLE. 

78.  The  bore  should  not  be  cleaned  from  the  muzzle  end.  Re- 
move the  bolt  and  clean  from  the  breech  end. 

79.  The  fouling,  if  left  in  the  bore  after  firing,  will  rust  and 
injure  the  bore.  After  the  day's  firing  clean  the  bore  by  using  a 
cleaning  rod  and  small  pieces  of  cloth  about  IJ  inches  square,  then 
lightly  oil  the  bore  by  using  an  oiled  rag.  The  metal  and  working 
parts  are  also  cleaned  by  using  dry  rags,  and  then  oiling  with  a 
slightly  oiled  rag  to  prevent  rusting  and  to  lubricate  working  parts. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  19 

80.  No  more  oil  than  this  light  oiling  should  be  used,  because 
any  surplus  oil  makes  the  rifle  disagreeable  to  handle,  collects  dirt 
and  grit,  finds  its  way  into  and  around  the  bolt  mechanism  and 
often  flies  back  into  the  firef's  face  and  eyes  when  he  fires.  The 
bolt  handle  should  be  dry  and  entirely  free  from  oil,  otherwise  in 
operating  the  bolt  it  is  difficult  to  grasp  firmly. 

81.  Cosmoline,  machine  oil,  or  any  other  oil  which  will  not  rust 
the  metal  is  suitable  for  oiling  rifles.  Never  use  emery  or  any 
other  material  which  will  scratch  metal  in  cleaning  rifles.  When 
a  rifle  is  to  be  laid  away  it  must  be  cleaned  daily  for  several  days. 
Powder  gases  are  forced  into  the  texture  of  the  steel,  the  bore 
will  sweat,  and  daily  cleanings  must  be  continued  until  the  first 
rags  run  through  the  bore  come  out  with  no  rust  on  them.  Other- 
wise a  bore  is  sure  to  rust  no  matter  how  much  oil  is  put  in  it. 
When  it  is  stored  it  should  be  thoroughly  and  heavily  coated  with 
oil. 

THE   TARGET. 

82.  Target  *^B''  is  a  square  target  6  feet  by  6  feet  with  a  bull's- 
eye  20  inches  in  diameter,  an  inner  ring  37  inches  in  diameter, 
and  an  outer  ring  53  inches  in  diameter.  It  is  used  for  all  range 
firing. 

Target  B. 


Nine-inch  rule:    The  rings  are  9  inches  apart. 
This  is  not  exact,  but  it  is  easy  to  remember. 

83.  The  value  of  a  hit  in  all  cases  is:  In  the  bull's-eye,  5;  within 
the  inner  ring,  4;  within  the  outer  ring,  3;  on  the  remainder  of 
the  target,  2. 


20 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


84.  The  white  disk  marks  a  6;  the  red,  a  4;  the  white  and  black, 
a  3;  the  black,  a  2.  Place  the  center  of  the  disk  over  the  shot 
hole.  A  miss  is  signaled  by  moving  a  red  disk  or  flag  across  the 
target  and  back.  A  shot  hole  just  touching  the  outside  edge  of 
the  bull  's-eye  or  a  ring  receives  the  same  value  as  if  it  struck 
inside. 

85.  When  a  target  is  used  with  areas  for  the  respective  scoring 
values  smaller  than  those  of  the  prescribed  target,  qualification 
in  small  arms  courses  may  be  awarded,  provided  no  allowance 
factor  is  made  to  compensate  for  the  lesser  scoring  areas. 

86.  The  expression  ''o'clock"  is  used  for  convenience  in  de- 
scribing the  location  of  hits.  For  example,  a  4  at  12  o'clock  is 
above  the  bull's-eye;  a  5  at  9  o'clock  is  in  the  left  side  of  the  bull's- 
eye. 

AIMING. 

87.  There  are  several  different  open  sight  notches  on  the  rear 
sight,  but  the  peep  sight  is  recommended  for  all  firing. 

Note. — Thert  are  three  sizes  of  peeps — Nos.  4,  5,  and  6.  The  largest  size,  No.  6, 
is  the  best.  It  is  easier  to  see  throuj;;h  a  large  peep,  and  it  is  just  as  easy  to  center 
the  top  of  the  front  sight  and  bull's-eye  in  it. 

88.  In  aiming,  the  eye  should  be  held  as  close  as  possible  to 
the  peep;  that  is,  almost  up  to  the  comb  of  the  firing  pin.  Then 
aim  so  that  the  bull's-eye  is  exactly  in  the  center  of  the  peep 
hole  and  the  top  of  the  front  sight  in  the  center  of  the  bull's-eye. 


Appearance  of  front  sight  and  bull's-eye  through  the  peep  hole. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  ^X 

89.  If  the  sights  are  bright  there  will  be  a  glimmer  about  them 
which  interferes  with  accurate  aiming.  They  should  be  a  dead 
black.  The  sights  are  blackened  by  smoking  them.  A  candle 
is  the  best  thing;  a  mat-ch  will  do.  Oiled  rags  which  have  been 
used  to  clean  rifles  make  excellent  smoke  for  blackening  sights. 
Blacken  both  the  front  and  rear  sights.  The  black  will  not  take 
on  greasy  metal. 

90.  In  addition  to  explaining  to  men  how  to  aim,  instructors  should  show  men 
the  way  to  aim  by  placing  the  rifle  on  a  rest  and  aiming  it  at  a  circular  object  which 
represents  a  bull's-eye,  and  let  each  man  examine  the  aim.  Then  cause  each  man 
to  aim,  and  finally  inspect  the  aim  to  see  that  it  is  correct. 

SIGHT   SETTING. 

91.  The  marks  opposite  the  peep  indicate  where  the  sight  is  to  be 
set.  The  numbers  on  the  sight  leaf  refer  to  the  marks  below  the 
numbers;  for  example,  the  figure  6  is  above  the  600-yard  mark. 
Changes  in  elevation  of  25,  50,  and  75  yards  have  to  be  made,  and 
when  there  are  no  marks  for  these  settings  they  have  to  be  esti- 
mated, and  with  great  care,  for  a  slight  inaccuracy  makes  a  big 
^difference  in  the  point  of  hit. 

92.  The  marks  on  the  wind  gauge  are  points,  and  changes  in 
windage  of  quarter  points  have  to  be  made. 

93.  The  bullet  is  carried  in  the  tame  direction  that  the  sights  are 
moved;  for  example,  if  thots  strike  above  and  to  the  right  of  the 
bull's-eye  the  elevation  should  be  lowered,  and  the  windage  moved 
to  the  left.  Winds  carry  the  bullet  to  the  right  or  left  with  the 
wind,  therefore  the  windage  is  set  to  the  windward. 

94.  The  elevation  is  not  always  set  at  exactly  the  actual  range 
from  which  the  firing  takes  place.  With  some  rifles  the  elevation 
is  set  above  the  range,  and  with  others  below  it,  and  all  rifles  are 
not  exactly  true  for  windage. 

95.  Coaches  at  the  firing  point  should  inform  inexperienced 
firers  what  windage  is  required  and  what  changes  to  make  in 
elevation  and  windage,  and  should  inspect  the  sights  every  time 
they  are  set  or  changed . 

9G.  To  teach  sight  setting  it  is  not  sufficient  to  explain  it  to  men.  They  must 
be  practiced  in  it.    The  following  exercises  wU  qualiiy  a  man  in  sight  setting: 

Require  the  peep  si^ht  to  be  set  at  a  number  of  dil^erent  elevations,  as  600,  200, 
1,000,  250^  575,  025,  and  the  wind  gauge  to  be  set  at  zero,  1  right,  2  left,  1^  right,  | 
left,  and  mspect  the  setting  each  time. 

Ask  questions  similar  to  these— 

Your  wind  gaur:e  is  set  at  i  ri^ht;  you  wish  it  moved  toward  the  left  the  amount 
of  f  of  a  point;  where  Y/ill  it  then  be  set  ? 

Your  elevation  is  C25  yards,  windage  i  left;  your  hit  is  high  and  to  the  right  and 
you  wish  to  change  elevation  50  yards  and  windage  J  point;  where  will  your  sights 
then  be  set  ? 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


HOLDING   THE    RIFLE. 

^  97.  It  is  presumed  that  the  rifle  will  be  shot  from  the  right  shoulder.  Men 
should  not  be  permitted  to  fire  left  handed.  The  rifle  is  made  to  be  used  right 
handed  and  left-handed  men  can  acquire  the  habit  of  shooting  right  handed. 
Left-handed  shooters  interfere  with  their  neighbors  on  a  firing  line. 


1 


THE  SLING. 

98.  The  sling  should  be  used  in  all  posi- 
tions. There  are  no  restrictions  as  to  its  use. 
Any  efficient  method  of  attaching  it  to  the 
rifle  or  person  may  be  used.  The  method 
shown  here  is  suitable  for  all  firing.    The 

bight  of  the  loop  is 

even  with  the  comb 

of  the  stock.     Inex- 
perienced   men  will 

claim    that    this    is 

too  short,  but  it  will 

become     easy    after 

practice .    Short  or  fat 

arms  require  a  longer 

sling  than  long  or  slen- 
der arms .    If  the  sling 

is  too  long  the  rifle 

will    not    be   firmly 

held,  and  a  kick  from 

the  recoil  will  be  felt. 
99.  Slip    the    left 

hand  well  under  the 

rifle  and  all  the  way 

uj)  to  the   lower 

swivel.    That  part  of 

the  sling  which  bears 

against   the    hand 

should  be  clear  of  the 

metal  nibs  and  of  the 

keepers,  because  they 

will  cut  into  the  hand 

and  cause  pain.    The 

pressure  of  the  hand 

against     the    swivel 

causes  a  little  pain  at 

first,  but  it  soon  dis- 
appears, and  a  man 
should  not  resist  it  or  try  to  pull  his  left  hand  away  from  it.  The 
rifle  rests  hard  in  the  flat  of  the  hand  and  not  on  the  fingers. 
The  left  hand  and  the  fingers  of  the  left  hand  do  no  work  at  all. 


3 


Showing  how  the  sling  is 
attached  and  how  the 
left  hand  is  inserted 
from  the  right  side  of 
the  sling. 


The  sling  is  well  in  the 
armpit;  left  hand  over 
sling,  well  under  stock, 
and  well  out  to  lower 
band  swivel. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


23 


THE  PRONE  POSITION. 

99.  Lie  flat  down  at  an  angle  of  about  45  degrees  to  the  firing  line, 
spread  the  legs  wide  apart,  and  turn  the  heels  inboard.  Flatten 
the  middle  parts  close  to  the  ground.  Place  the  point  of  the  left 
elbow  to  the  fi'ont,  and  well  to  the  right,  then  raise  the  right 


Placing  the  butt  of  the  rifle  in  the  shoulder. 

shoulder  and  placing  the  right  hand  on  the  butt  plate  put  the  butt 
of  the  rifle  in  the  shoulder,  and  flatten  out  again.  Put  the  cheek 
or  jaw  hard  against  the  small  of  the  stock,  the  thumb  of  the  right 
hand  along  and  not  across  the  stock,  and  the  right  eye  right  up  to 
the  firing  pin,  as  close  to  the  peep  sight  as  possible.  Let  the  right 
elbow  spread  out,  and  drawing  the  body  back,  get  the  chest  and 
whole  body  as  flat  on  the  ground  as  possible.  The  left  elbow  must 
be  directly  under  the  rifle.  The  right  elbow  is  moved  out  tc  raise 
and  in  to  lower  the  muzzle.  Now  the  rifle  can  not  kick.  The 
only  recoil  will  be  of  the  whole  body,  which  will  not  be  felt. 


The  prone  position. 

100.  In  rapid  fire  keep  the  butt  in  the  shoulder.  To  load,  lower 
the  muzzle  to  the  right  and  work  the  bolt,  being  careful  to  draw  it 
full>^  back,  60  it  will  eject  the  empty  shell  and  not  cause  a  jam. 
It  will  become  easy  after  practice. 

101.  In  firing  prone  on  hard  ground  the  elbows  will  become  sore 
and  painful.  To  prevent  this,  elbow  padding  is  worn.  When 
pads  are  not  worn  on  the  clothing,  pads  or  some  material  to  protect 
the  elbows  may  be  placed  on  the  ground.  Padding  should  also  be 
used  for  the  shoulder.  It  may  be  secured  in  the  clothing  or  a 
towel  or  empty  bandoleer  or  some  other  material  maybe  temporarily 
placed  in  the  shoulder  beneath  the  clothing. 


24 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

THE  KNEELING  POSITION. 


102.  The  right  knee  points  directly  to  the  right,  that  is  along  the 
firing  line.    The  point  of  the  left  elbow  is  over  the  knee.    There 


The  squatting  position.  The  kneelini,'  position. 

is  a  flat  place  under  the  elbow  which  fits  a  flat  place 

,   on  the  knee  and  makes  a  solid   rest.     Lean 

the    body    well    forward. 

After  practice  the  position 

ceases  to  be  uncomfortable. 

THE  SQUATTING  POSITION. 

103.  Both  feet  are  flat  on  the  ground  and  the 
buttocks  clear  of  the  ground.  Bend  the  knees 
and  lower  the  body,  resting  both  elbows  on  the 
knees,  the  points  of  the  elbows  over  the  knees. 
This  position  is  comfortable,  steady,  and 
quickly  taken. 

THE  STANDING  POSITION. 

104.  There  is  a  variety  of  ways  of  holding  the 
rifle  in  this  position.  The  left  hand  is  drawn 
back  from  the  lower  band  swivel  to  near  the 
trigger  guard .  The  left  arm  should  rest  against 
the  body.  The  standing  position  is  the  most 
unsteady  position  and  much  practice  with  the 
rifle  unloaded  is  necessary  to  cultivate  stead- 
iness. Do  not  be  afraid  in  this  position  to  press 
the  jaw  hard  against  the  stock.  The  head  then 
goes  back  with  the  recoil  and  the  face  is  not 

^,  ^.  .        hurt.     Do  not  try  to  meet  or  resist  the  recoil. 

Thestandingposition.    Let  the  body  yield  to  it. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


25 


THE  SITTING  POSITION. 

105.  The  sitting  position  is  useful  in  outpost  service. 

There  are  several  varieties  of  the  sitting  position;  every  man 
must  find  the  one 
which  fits  him  best. 
Inexperienced  men 
sometimes  find  dif- 
ficulty in  adjusting 
themselves  to  this 
position  but  with 
practice  it  becomes 
comfortable  and 
steady.  The  legs 
must  be  at  rest  and 
the  leg  muscles  not 
strained  when  aim- 
ing. Lean the body 
well  forward  and 
find  a  steady  rest  on  „.^,.  .,,  ^,  , 
the  knees  for  both  ^^^^^^S  with  the  legs  crossed.    Both  elbows  are  mside  the 

elbows. 

GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  FOR  FIRING  IN  ALL  POSITIONS. 


106.  Press  the  cheek  hard  against  the  stock. 

Thumb  is  along,  and  not  across,  the  stock. 

Never  cant  the  rifle. 
Keep  it  plumb.  If  it  is 
canted  the  least  bit  the  bul- 
let will  strike  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  cant. 

Breathe  out  naturally  and 
then  do  not  breathe  while 
aiming. 

If  you  aim  too  long  you 
will  become  unsteady  and 
your  eyesight  will  get  bad. 
Take  the  rifle  from  the 
shoulder,  rest,  and  aim 
again. 
Sitting  with  the  left  heel  braced  in  the  right  in-       Squeeze     the     trigger. — 

Step.    The  right  elbow  is  inside  the  right  knee  rpi^p^p  iq  „  lUtlpcilaplr  in  thp* 

and  the  left  elbow  is  over  the  left  knee.  ^  ^®^^  ^^  ^}},  ..  ^",  , 

trigger,    w  hen  aiming  take 

this  up  with  the  finger  so  that  when  you  wish  to  fire  you  have 

only  to  increase  the  pressure  of  the  finger. 


26 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


Before  firing,  cock  the  rifle,  and  with  the  rifle  unloaded  squeeze 
the  trigger.  This  will  steady  you  down  and  get  you  better  ac- 
quainted with  your  trigger  pull. 

Do  not  yank  or  pull  the  trigger;  squeeze  gently  the  whole  small  of 
the  stock  with  the  right  hand.  Let  the  trigger  off  as  easy  as  you 
can,  and  keep  up  the  aiming  while  the  gun  is  being  discharged, 
then  you  can  tell  where  you  are  aiming  when  the  bullet  left  the  rifle. 
Call  the  shot. — As  soon  as  you  have  squeezed  the  trigger,  and 
before  the  target  is  marked,  "call  the  shot,"  that  is,  call  out  loud 
Avhere  you  were  aiming  when  the  trigger  was  squeezed,  and  when 
the  bullet  left  the  rifle"  Say  something  like  this,  "good,"  "bad," 
"right,"  "left  and  low,"  or  call  the  o'clock  of  the  target  where 

you  expect  the  hit  to  be, 
as  "  5  o '  clock  ' '  for  low  and 
right.  Be  sure  to  say 
something  at  once,  and  if 
you  have  no  coach,  say  it 
aloud  to  yoursel  f .  A  man 
who  intends  to  call  the 
shot  will  not  shut  his  eyes 
when  he  squeezes  the 
trigger;  he  will  not  quit 
aiming  while  he  is  squeez- 
ing the  trigger.  He  will 
not  flinch.  Calling  the 
shot  is  the  best  cure  for 
Sittingwith  the  feet  spread  apart.  The  elbows  are  flinching  Make  up  your 
below  the  knees.  ^^^^  ^^  continue  aiming 

while  the  p  iece  is  being  fired ,  Calling  the  shot  will  help  you  do  all 
these  things.  It  is  very  important  and  the  habit  should  never  be 
neglected,  not  even  in  rapid  fire. 

107.  When  on  the  range  the  bolts  of  all  rifles  must  be  dr^wn 
fully  back  and  the  chambers  kept  open  at  all  times  when  the  J^rer 
is  not  at  the  firing  point,  and  the  rifle  must  not  be  loaded  until 
immediately  before  it  is  to  be  fired. 

Never  point  or  aim  a  rifle,  loaded  or  unloaded,  except  when  on 
the  firing  line  fully  abreast  of  the  firers  and  then  only  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  targets. 

Take  men  individually  and  put  each  of  them  into  the  di  "erent  positions. 
Many  men  are  hard  to  get  into  proper  position,  especially  the  prone  position,  and 
firm  persistence  on  the  part  of  the  instructor  is  required. 

After  men  have  been  put  into  each  position  individually  they  should  frequently 
be  practiced  with  unloaded  rifles  in  both  slow  and  rapid  fire  in  all  positions,  and 
at  a  definite  target  or  object. 

Watch  them  carefully  and  see  that  the  thumb  is  along  the  stock,  jaw  hard 
against  stock,  rifle  not  canted,  the  trigger  squeezed  properly,  the  shot  called  even 
in  snapping  at  both  slow  and  rapid  fire,  and  that  in  rapid  fire  the  butt  of  the  rifle 
remains  in  the  shoulder. 


CHAPTER   III. 
Courses  and  Competitions. 

THE    kinds    of   fire    DESCRIBED. 
SLOW  FIKE. 

108.  The  target  is  marked  after  each  shot. 

109.  Hits  made  on  the  wrong  target  are  scored  as  misses. 

110.  There  is  no  time  limit,  except  that  to  prevent  delay  the  officer 
ill  charge  of  the  competition  may  impose  a  time  limit  for  the  re- 
maining shots  after  notice  of  time  limit  is  served  of  not  less  than  an 
average  of  1  minute  per  shot  per  target,  and  in  his  discretion  may 
penalize  teams  by  assigning  zero  value  to  all  shots  not  fired  within 
the  time  limit. 

111.  In  the  butts  the  marker  must  watch  the  target  closely;  when 
it  is  hit,  pull  it  and  place  a  spotter  in  the  shot  hole.  If  the  hit  is  in 
or  touching  the  bull's-eye,  use  the  white  side  of  the  spotter;  if  not  a 
5,  use  the  black.  Paste  up  the  shot  hole  from  which  the  spotter  was 
removed.  Shove  up  the  target  and  place  the  center  of  the  disk 
showing  the  proper  value  over  the  center  of  the  spotter.  A  ricochet 
hit  is  indicated  by  disking  in  the  usual  manner,  and  then  moving 
the  same  disk  across  the  target  and  back.  Before  signaling  a 
miss,  or  when  a  request  for  re-marking  a  target  comes  from  the 
firing  line,  call  the  officer  or  petty  officer  in  charge  of  the  party  to 
inspect  the  target. 

RAPID  FIRE. 

112.  The  time  limit  in  all  rapid  fire  and  skirmish  fire  when  five 
shots  are  to  be  fired  at  a  target  during  an  exposure  is,  for  rifle  fire, 
30  seconds,  and  for  pictol  fire,  15  seconds,  measured  at  the  butts 
from  the  command  or  signal  "up'*  to  the  command  or  signal 
''down."    Any  faster  rate  of  firing  is  unprofitable. 

113.  When  all  targets  have  been  marked,  the  command  FILL 
MAGAZINES,  LOAD  AND  LOCK  is  given,  when  the  ''ready  in 
the  butts ' '  signal  appears,  the  commands  READY  ON  THE  RIGHT, 
READY  ON  THE  LEFT  are  given.  The  safety  locks  are  then 
turned  to ' '  ready. ' '  If  any  man  is  not  ready,  he  reports  * '  Not  ready 
on  number  — . ' '  Those  who  are  ready  remain  silent.  When  all 
is  ready,  the  message  or  signal  "Ready  on  the  firing  line  '*  is  given 
to  the  butts.  When  the  "Ready  in  the  butts"  disk  disappears, 
the  caution  STAND  BY  is  given  on  the  firing  Hne.  The  firers 
await  the  appearance  of  the  targets  in  position  and  may  ;place  the 
rifle  in  the  shoulder  when  the  first  command  for  ready  is  given. 
When  the  targets  appear,  each  firer  fires  five  shots  at  his  own  target. 

114.  Any  unfired  cartridges  count  as  misses,  unless  the  fault  is 
clearly  not  that  of  the  firer,  in  which  case  the  officer  in  charge  of  the 
party  may  authorize  another  string.     Misfires  and  jams  are  usually 


28  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

the  fault  of  the  firer,  due  to  careless  manipulation  of  the  bolt.  To 
ascertain  whether  a  misfire  is  the  fault  of  the  firer,  due  to  a  failure  .to 
completely  close  the  bolt,  the  cartridge  will  be  tested  by  attempting 
again  to  fire  it,  and  if  it  then  fails  to  fire,  another  string  is  allowed. 

115.  Hits  made  on  the  wrong  target  count  as  misses  for  the  firer. 
If  there  are  more  than  five  hits  on  a  target,  the  score  is  not  recorded 
and  another  string  is  fired . 

116.  The  target  is  marked  after  each  string  of  five  shots. 

117.  The  firing  of  delayed  strings  will  be  postponed  so  that  until 
the  end  of  the  regular  sequence  all  men  will  be  firing  from  the 
same  position. 

118.  In  the  butts,  the  ''Ready  in  the  butts"  signal  i3  given  by 
displaying  a  red  disk  well  above  the  butt 3  at  a  designated  target. 
When  notified  "Ready  on  the  firing  line"  the  command  ''Stand 
by"  is  given.  The  "Ready  in  the  butts"  disk  is  withdrawn. 
About  5  seconds  later  the  command  "up"  is  given.  About  25 
seconds  after  "up "  "  Stand  by  "  is  given,  and  30  seconds  after  the 
command  "up"  the  command  "down"  is  given.  Two  strokes  on 
a  gong  or  two  blasts  on  a  whistle  for  "  Stand  by  "  and  one  stroke  or 
blast  for  "up"  or  "down"  may  be  used  instead  of  the  command. 

119.  The  targets  are  divided  into  blocks  of  targets.  Supervisors 
assigned  to  each  block  visit  their  targets  in  turn,  beginning  with 
the  targets  with  the  smallest  numbers,  and  supervise  the  disking. 
As  soon  as  the  supervisor  has  located  the  hits  the  target  is  shoved 
up  and  disked . 

120.  Fives  are  disked  first,  then  fours,  then  threes,  then  twos, 
and  the  red  disk  or  flag  is  waved  across  the  target  and  back  once 
for  each  miss.  The  target  is  then  withdrawn,  the  shot  holes 
pasted,  and  the  target  is  half  masted. 

121.  The  supervisor  then  inspects  the  targets  of  his  group  to  see 
that  all  shot  holes  are  pasted.  The  "Ready  in  the  butts"  signal 
is  now  displayed  again. 

122.  Spotters  are  not  used  in  rapid  fire.  In  disking  care  should 
be  taken  to  place  the  center  of  the  proper  disk  accurately  over 
each  shot  hole. 

123.  Before  the  firing  is  begun  an  opportunity  should  be  afforded 
the  butts  to  operate  the  targets  for  practice  at  least  once.  Dummy 
practice — that  is,  practice  with  the  rifle  unloaded — may  be  held 
while  this  is  done. 

124.  When  a  target  not  susceptible  of  disappearing  is  used,  the 
represented  appearance  and  disappearance  of  the  target  may  be 
indicated  on  the  firing  line  by  a  bell,  gong,  whistle,  command,  or 
other  appropriate  method.  When  a  target  with  anelectrical  de- 
vice to  signal  the  value  of  hits  is  used ,  this  may  be  supplemented 
by  turning  on  and  off  the  current  at  the  proper  times. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  29 


125.  Targets  are  exposed  for  30  seconds  for  each,  range,  and  tlie 
interval  from  the  disappearance  of  the  target  for  one  range  to  its 
appearance  for  the  next  range  is  1  minute  and  30  seconds. 

126.  The  entire  advance  from  range  to  range  on  skirmish  is  at 
double  time. 

127.  After  the  firing  is  finished  at  500,  400,  and  300  yards,  while 
refilling  magazines  and  until  the  command  "Forward,"  the  firers 
remain  in  the  position  from  which  they  fired .  The  setting  of  the 
sights  for  next  range  should  be  delayed  until  orders  for  sight  set- 
ting at  that  range  are  received. 

128.  Coaches  should  accompany  skirmishers  on  the  skirmish 
run  until  the  run  is  finished  at  200  yards. 

129.  The  skirmish  begins  at  500  yards.  Form  the  skirmishers 
in  line  in  rear  of  the  firing  line,  each  with  20  rounds  (4  clips)  of 
ammunition.  Assign  each  man  to  a  target.  Take  a  record  showing 
the  number  of  the  run,  the  names  of  the  men,  and  the  number  of 
the  target  assigned  to  each  man.  Command  FILL  MAGAZINES, 
LOAD  AND  LOCK.  CALL  OFF.  Each  man  in  turn  calls  off  the 
number  assigned  to  him.  Then,  when  the  "ready  in  the  butts" 
signal  appears  at  the  butts,  FORWARD,  MARCH.  When  at  the 
firing  line,  HALT,  LIE  DOWN,  500  YARDS,  WINDAGE  — ,  SET 
YOUR  SIGHTS,  UNLOCK  PIECES,  FIVE  ROUNDS  WHEN 
THE  TARGETS  APPEAR.  Then  inform  the  butts  ''Ready  on 
the  firing  line."  When  the  targets  disappear,  command  FILL 
MAGAZINES,  LOAD  AND  LOCK.  Then  when  all  rifles  seem 
to  be  loaded  and  locked,  FORWARD,  DOUBLE  TIME,  MARCH. 
When  arrived  at  the  400-yard  range,  command  HALT,  SIT 
DOWN,  400  YARDS,  WINDAGE  — ,  SET  YOUR  SIGHTS, 
UNLOCK  PIECES,  FIVE  ROUNDS  WHEN  THE  TARGETS 
APPEAR;  similarly  advance  to  300  yards  and  KNEEL,  and  then 
to  200  yards  and  STAND,  USE  POST  REST.  When  finished  at 
200  yards,  command  PORT  ARMS,  OPEN  CHAMBERS,  LEAVE 
YOUR  CHAMBERS  OPEN.  The  firers  are  then  marched  back 
to  the  starting  point. 

130.  When  ready  in  the  butts  display  the  disk  at  a  designated 
target.  When  notified  ''Ready  on  the  firing  line,"  STAND  BY 
is  given,  the  disk  is  withdrawn,  and  about  five  seconds  later 
start  the  stop  watch  or  note  the  time,  and  give  the  commands  or 
signals,  and  the  directions,  at  the  time  shown  below,  assuming 
the  second  hand  to  start  from  0. 


0  UP. 
25  STAND  BY. 

30  DOWN. 
1.55  STAND  BY, 
2.00  UP. 


2.25  STAND  BY. 
2.30  DOWN. 
3.55  STAND  BY. 
4.00  UP. 
4.25  STAND  BY. 


4.30  DOWN. 
5.55  STAND  BY. 
6.00  UP. 

6.:5  STAND  BY. 
6.30  DOWN. 


30  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

131.  The  scores  are  taken  in  the  butts  at  the  end  of  the  run. 
They  should  be  communicated  promptly  to  the  firing  line  and  there 
bulletined.     The  totals  should  be  placed  upon  the  score  boards. 

132.  When  their  are  more  than  20  hits  on  any  skirmisher's  tar- 
get, his  run  is  void  and  must  be  repeated. 

133.  As  the  shot  holes  are  counted  a  small  circle  should  be  made 
arotind  each  shot  hole  with  a  pencil,  preferably  a  red  one.  This 
also  facilitates  counting  the  hits  and  prevents  counting  them  again 
in  case  the  pasters  fall  off. 

When  the  score  has  been  taken,  the  markers  paste  and  half-mast 
the  targets,  and  an  officer  or  petty  officer  inspects  them  to  see  that 
all  the  holes  are  pasted. 

CHANGING  POSITIONS  FIRE. 

134.  For  each  string  each  target  is  exposed  five  times  and  the 
firer  fires  one  shot  at  each  exposure.  The  target  is  exposed  for  five 
seconds,  and  five  seconds  elapse  from  its  disappearance  to  its  ap- 
pearance again. 

135.  The  sequence  of  positions  is:  Prone — Kneeling — Squat- 
ting— Kneeling^Prone.  After  firing  the  first  shot  in  the  prone 
position,  the  firer  kneels  for  the  second  shot,  squats  for  the  third, 
kneels  for  the  fourth,  and  lies  down  for  the  fifth.  At  the  succes- 
sive disappearances  of  the  target,  the  commands  or  cautions 
KNEEL— SQUAT— KNEEL— LIE  DOWN  may  be  given.  The 
firers  may  change  X)osition  immediately  after  firing  without  waiting 
for  the  command  or  caution. 

136.  The  officer  in  charge  of  the  firing  line  may,  in  his  discretion, 
deduct  5  points  from  the  score  for  each  shot  fired  in  the  wrong  posi- 
tion, or,  if  he  believes  the  fault  was  not  deliberate,  he  may  caution 
the  firer  without  deducting  from  his  score. 

137.  Except  as  prescribed  above,  the  procedure  on  the  firing  line 
is  the  same  as  in  rapid  fire. 

138.  In  the  butts  the  requirements  and  procedure  are  the  same  as 
at  rapid  fire,  except  that  five  seconds  after  the  first  command  or 
signal  *'up"  the  command  or  signal  "down"  is  given.  Then  five 
seconds  later  *'up  "  is  given,  five  seconds  later  "down,"  and  so  forth 
until  the  targets  have  been  displayed  for  five  shots.  One  shot  is 
fired  on  each  appearance. 

139.  On  ranges  where,  for  considerations  of  safety,  it  is  neces- 
sary that  all  firing  be  from  rifles  held  in  devices  which  prevent 
iheir  being  used  in  changing  positions  fire,  in  lieu  of  changing 
positions  fire  the  same  number  of  s'^rings  of  rapid  fire  may  be  sub- 
stituted in  addition  to  any  other  rapid  fire  included  in  the  course. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  31 

FIRING   AT    RANGES    LONGER    THAN    THE    PRESCRIBED    RANGES 
AUTHORIZED. 

140.  In  an^T  course  for  any  kind  of  firing  except  skirmish,  the 
prescribed  firing  at  any  range  may  be  substituted  by  like  firing 
under  like  conditions  at  a  longer  range  than  the  range  prescribed 
in  thie  course. 


141.  In  individual  competitions  ties  will  be  decided  by  the 
total  score  at  the  ranking  class  of  fire.  If  still  a  tie,  by  the  total 
score  at  the  next  ranking  class  of  fire,  and  so  forth.  If  still  a  tie, 
the  sum  of  prizes  to  be  awarded  to  the  competitors  who  tie  will 
be  evenly  divided  among  those  competitors. 

142.  In  team  competitions  ties  will  be  decided  by  the  team 
total  score  at  the  ranking  class  of  fire.  If  still  a  tie,  by  the  team 
total  at  the  next  ranking  class  of  fire,  and  so  forth.  If  still  a  tie, 
by  the  highest  individual  total  score  at  the  ranking  class  of  fire.  If 
still  a  tie,  by  the  next  highest  individual  total  score  at  the  ranking 
class  of  fire,  and  so  forth. 

143.  The  order  of  rank  of  the  different  classes  of  fire  is  aa  follows: 
In  all  courses  except  the  sharpshooter  course : 

1.  Changing  positions  fire. 

2.  Skirmish. 

3.  Rapid  fire. 

4.  Slow  fire. 

In  the  sharpshooter  course  : 

1.  Skirmish. 

2.  Slow  and  rapid  fire  at  500  yards. 

3.  Slow  and  rapid  fire  at  400  yards. 

4.  Slow  and  rapid  fire  at  300  yards. 

5.  Slow  and  rapid  fire  at  200  yards. 

INDIVIDUAL   PRIZES. 

144.  When  the  marksman,  sharpshooter,  expert  rifleman,  pistol, 
and  machine  gun  courses  or  the  individual  competition  general 
are  fired,  individual  prizes  will  be  awarded  the  enlisted  men 
making  the  highest  aggregate  scores  among  those  in  their  own 
division  or  class  who  are  entitled  to  compete. 

145.  The  number  of  individual  prizes  to  be  awarded  in  each 
course  and  for  each  class  will  be  determined  by  the  number  of 
times  8  is  contained  in  the  number  of  men  in  the  division  or  class 
completing  the  course  who  are  entitled  to  compete. 


32  SMALL  ARMS  TIRING  REGULATIONS. 

146.  No  man  will  be  awarded  a  prize  in  the  marksman,  sharp- 
shooter, or  expert  rifleman  courses  unless  he  makes  a  qualifying 
score  in  the  competition. 

147.  Men  of  a  division  will  compete  among  themselves,  and  not 
with  men  of  other  divisions,  for  individual  prizes,  provided  that 
when  detachments  are  formed  to  fire  on  distant  ranges,  and  also  in 
cases  of  men  not  attached  to  divisions,  this  requirement  may  be 
disregarded,  and  in  these  cases  classes  may  be  organized  as  cir- 
cumstances permit. 

Men  of  a  division  may  be  further  divided  into  separate  classes  of 
not  fewer  than  eight  men,  in  which  event  due  information  should 
be  given  to  the  firers. 

148.  It  is  required  in  all  competitions  that  all  competitors  be 
then  and  there  present  together.  When  practicable  classes  com- 
peting for  prizes  should  complete  each  course  before  leaving  the 
range.  When  this  is  not  done  men  who  have  not  fired  the  entire 
course  together  will  not  be  included  in  the  same  class  for  prizes. 

149.  A  separate  record  will  be  made  of  the  firing  of  each  class 
in  each  course,  and  the  award  of  prizes  will  be  based  upon  that 
record. 

150.  The  announcement  of  the  award  of  prizes  will  be  made, 
subject  to  correction,  before  the  firing  party  is  dismissed,  and  the 
payment  of  prizes  should  be  made  as  early  as  possible  after  the 
completion  of  the  day's  firing. 

MARKSMAN   COURSE. 

151.  Officers  who  have  never,  and  men  who  during  current  en- 
listment have  not,  qualified  as  marksman  fire  the  marksman  course. 

152.  The  course  may  be  repeated  as  often  as  practicable  until 
qualification  is  attained. 

153.  All  firing  in  this  course  is  at  200  yards. 

154.  No  rest  is  used. 

155.  The  course  is  as  follows: 

Slow  fire:  5  prone — 5  kneeling — 5  squatting — 5  standing.  Total,  20  shots. 
Rapid  fire:  5  prone — 5  Imeeling — 5  squatting — 5  standing.  Total,  20  shots. 
Changing  positions  fire:  Four  strings  of  5  shots  each.  Total,  20  shots. 

Aggregate  number  of  shots  (1  bandoleer) 60 

Possible  aggregate  score 300 

Aggregate  score  necessary  to  qualify  as  marksman 210 

Or  a  total  score  in  changing  positions  fire  of 70 

Provided  that  the  changing  positions  fire  must  have  been  fired  as  a  part  of  the 
complete  course. 

156.  Those  who  fail  to  qualify  as  marksman  are  unqualified. 
There  are  no  classes  below  marksman. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


33 


157.  Only  men  who  during  current  enlistment  have  not  qualified 
as  marksman  or  higher  are  eligible  to  compete  for  prizes  in  the 
marksman  course. 

158.  Men  who  have  fired  the  course  previously  and  failed  to 
qualify  may  compete  for  prizes. 

159.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  marksman  course  is  $1. 

SHARPSHOOTER   COURSE. 

160.  Officers  who  have  previously  and  men  who  during  current 
enlistment  have  qualified  as  marksmen,  and  no  higher,  fire  the 
sharpshooter  course. 

161.  The  course  may  be  repeated  as  often  as  practicable  until 
qualification  is  attained . 

162.  All  firing  in  this  course  is  from  a  rest.  The  arm,  hand,  or 
rifle  must  touch  the  parapet  or  post. 

163.  The  course  is  as  follows : 


Position. 

Number  of  shots. 

Range. 

Slow  fire. 

Rapid 
fire. 

Skirmish. 

200 

Standing,  post  rest . 

5 

5 
5 
5 

5 

5 
5 
5 

5 

300 

Kneeling,  either  or  both  knees,  para- 
pet rest 

5 

400 

Sitting,  parapet  rest 

5 

500 

Prone,  parapet  rest 

Total  number  of  shots. 

5 

20 

20 

20 

Possible  score            .      .  . 

100 

100 

100 

Aggregate  number  of  shots  (one  bandoleer) 60 

Possible  aggregate  score 300 

Aggregate  score  necessary  to  qualify  as  sharpshooter 210 

Or,  a  total  score  on  skirmish  of 70 

Provided  that  the  skirmish  must  have  been  fired  as  a  part  of  the  complete 
course. 

164.  In  slow  and  rapid  fire  the  sequence  of  ranges  is  not  material. 
Rapid  fire  will  follow  slow  fire  at  each  range. 

165.  Only  men  who,  during  current  enlistment,  have  qualified 
as  marksmen,  and  no  higher,  are  eligible  to  compete  for  prizes  in 
the  sharpshooter  course. 

166.  Men  who  have  fired  the  course  previously  and  failed  to 
qualify  may  compete  for  prizes. 

167.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  sharpshooter  course  is  $2. 


34 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


POSITIONS  USED  IN  THE  SHARPSHOOTER  COURSE. 

168.  At  200  yards,  stand  and  uee  post  rest.     Shoot  from  the  right 
of  the  post,  resting  either  the  rifle  or  arm  against  the  post.     Some 

men  also  rest 

the  left  knee 

against     the 

post. 

169.  At  300 

yards,    kneel 

on     either 

right   or  left 

knee   or  on 

both   knees. 

When  the  left 

knee  is  on  the 

ground   the 

right  elbow 

may  be  sup- 
ported on  the 

right ^  knee; 

this  with  the 

rifle  resting 

on  the  para- 
pet gives  ex- 
cellent    and 

steady  support.  Very  short  men  may  find  that  they  can  more 
easily  accommodate  themselves  to  the  height  of  the  parapet  by 
kneelins:  on  both  knees. 


Using  post  rest. 


Using  post  rest;  knee  against 
post. 


Kneeling  behind  parapet. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


35 


170.  At  400  yards,  sit  down.  The  only  requirement  is  that  the 
buttocks,  or  the  hip,  must  be  on  the  ground.  The  knees  may  be 
drawn  up  and  furnish  rests  for  the  elbows.     When  this  is  done, 


Sitting  behind  parapet. 

find  a  position  so  that  the  leg  muscles  are  at  rest  and  are  not 
strained  in  order  to  hold  up  the  rifle;  lean  the  body  well  forward 
^nd  find  good  steady  rests  for  the  elbows. 

171.  At  600  yards,  lie  down.  In  reloading  prone  with  the  rifle 
resting  on  a  parapet  and  without  removing  the  butt  from  the  shoul- 
der raise  the  right  elbow  well  above  the  ground.  It  requires  prac- 
tice to  do  this  conveniently. 


Prone  bchiiul  parajiet. 


Raising  the  right  elbow  to  reload. 


36  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

NOTES  ON  WINDS. 

172.  The  direction  of  winds  is  expressed  by  use  of  the  word 
''o'clock.''  A  wind  coming  directly  from  the  target  is  a  12  o'clock 
wind.  A  wind  blowing  directly  toward  the  target  is  a  6  o'clock 
wind.     Both  12  and  6  o'clock  winds,  also  winds  from  about  11, 

1,  5,  and  7  o'clock  are  called  fish-tail  winds.  Winds  from  the 
firer's  right  as  he  faces  the  target  are  3  o'clock  winds,  and  from 
the  left  9  o'clock  winds.     Both  3  and  9  o'clock  winds  and  also 

2,  4,  8,  and  10  o'clock  winds  are  called  cross  winds. 

173.  At  the  shorter  ranges  winds  do  not  affect  the  bullet  much. 
The  direction  of  winds  is  never  steady,  and  at  the  longer  ranges 
the  slightest  change  in  direction  of  fish-tail  winds  causes  great 
effect  in  lateral  deviation  of  the  bullet.  At  500  yards  a  change 
in  direction  of  a  fish-tail  wind  so  slight  as  to  be  hardly  noticed 
will  carry  a  shot  well  out  of  the  bull's-eye.  Considerable  change 
in  direction  of  cross  winds  causes  very  little  effect  in  lateral  devia- 
tion of  the  bullet,  and  even  if  they  are  strong  winds  they  are  favor- 
able conditions  for  shooting.  Scores  will  be  low  at  500  yards  and 
longer  ranges  with  even  a  light  fish-tail  wind. 

174.  Force  of  wind  is  expressed  in  miles  per  hour. 

ZERO  OF  RIFLE. 

175.  Wlien  there  is  no  wind  some  rifles  require  that  the  windage 
be  set  to  the  right  or  to  the  left  in  order  to  hit  the  object  aimed  at. 
For  instance,  when  there  is  no  wind,  and  in  order  to  hit  the  point 
aimed  at  the  windage  of  the  rifle  is  set  at  }^  right,  it  is  said  to 
have  a  zero  of  3^  right,  and  in  setting  the  sight  for  windage  this 
has  to  be  taken  into  consideration.  Suppose  the  zero  of  the  rifle 
is  3^  right  and  a  wind  requires  1  point  right  windage,  then  set  the 
windage  at  IJ^  right;  or  if  the  wind  requires  1  point  left  windage, 
set  the  windage  at  ^  left.  Learn  the  zero  of  the  rifle  by  asking 
an  experienced  man  what  windage  the  wind  requires  and  then 
find  by  firing  the  rifle  where  the  windage  must  be  set.  The  dif- 
ference will  be  the  zero  of  the  rifle;  check  it  up  by  comparing  it 
with  the  windage  used  by  other  men  shooting  at  the  same  time. 

Beginners  need  not  worry  ab3ut  the  zero  of  t^ie  rifle,  because  they  will  hit  the 
tar2:et  without  knowing  the  zero,  and  they  can  correct  for  windasre  after  the  target 
is  hit.  The  zero  of  most  rifles  is  at  zero,  and  it  is  seldom  over  ^  right  or  left  and  is 
not  enough  to  make  any  great  diijerence  at  short  range;  hut  for  accurate  work  at 
500  yards  the  zero  shouli  be  known. 

Usually  the  zero  is  the  same  at  all  ranges.  Five  hundred  yards  is  the  best  range 
to  determine  the  zero,  and  the  best  time  is  when  the  sun  is  not  shining. 

In  slow  fire  after  the  target  is  hit  the  windage  can  be  changed  so  as  to  bring  the 
other  shots  toward  the  bulls'-eye,  but  in  rapid  fire  and  skirmish  if  the  sight  is  set 
wrong  at  first  all  the  shots  wilfbe  bad. 

Examples:  With  a  rifle  whose  zero  is  I  right  how  would  the  windage  be  set 
when  other  conditions  called  for  J  right?  (Ans.  1  right.)  For  f  left?  (Ans.  \ 
left.)  For  i  left?  (Ans.  \  right.)  Suppose  that  conditions  called  for  i  left,  but 
the  rifle  required  f  left,  what  would  be  the  zero  of  the  rifle?  (x\ns.  ^  left.)  Suppose 
conditions  called  for  \  right,  but  the  rifle  required  \  left,  what  would  be  the  zero 
of  the  rifle?    (Ans.  J  left.) 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  37 

THE  WINDAGE  RULE. 

(How  to  calculate  the  windage  required.) 

176.  Range  times  velocity  divided  by  10=number  of  quarter 
points  of  windage  required  for  3  or  9  o'clock  winds.  Winds  1  hour 
away  from  3  or  9  o'clock — that  is,  2,  4,  8,  and  10  o'clock  winds — 
require  only  slightly  less  windage ;  winds  1  hour  away  from  the  12 
or  6  o'clock  line — that  is,  11,  1,  6,  and  7  o'clock  winds — require 
about  half  as  much  windage  as  the  3  or  9  o'clock  winds. 

Example:  When  shooting  at  600  yards  call  the  range  6,  and  if 
the  wind  is  blowing  5  miles  per  hour,  call  the  velocity  5,  then 
range  times  velocity  is  6  times  5  or  30;  this  divided  by  10  gives  3; 
then  the  windage  required  for  a  3  o'clock  wind  would  be  3  quarters 
right  windage  and  for  a  9  o'clock  wind  3  quarters  left. 

Another  example:  At  500  yards  a  16-niile  wind  would  require^ 

—^77-= 8  quarters  or  2  points  for  a  3  o'clock  wind  (right  windage) 

or  9  o'clock  wind  (left  windage).  If  the  wind  were  from  2  to  4 
o'clock,  it  would  require  about  1^  right,  and  if  from  8  or  10  o'clock, 
about  1^4  l^ft.  If  it  were  from  1  or  5  o'clock  it  would  require  4 
quarters  or  1  point  right  windage,  and  if  from  7  or  11  o'clock,  1 
point  left  windage. 

If  trees  or  other  objects  obstruct  the  wind  the  effect  of  the  wind 
on  the  bullet  is  less  than  if  the  wind  is  unobstructed,  and  this 
must  be  allowed  for  in  estimating  windage. 

The  simplest  rule  for  a  beginner  is  to  ask  an  experienced  man 
what  windage  is  required. 

THE   QUARTER  POINT  RULE  FOR  CHANGING  WINDAGE. 

(How  to  change  windage  in  slow  fire  after  hitting  the  target.) 

177.  Changing  the  windage  34  point  moves  the  bullet  1  inch  for 
every  100  yards  of  range.     For  example: 

34  point  at  200  yards  moves  the  bullet  2  inches  on  the  target. 
34  point  at  300  yards  moves  the  bullet  3  inches  on  the  target. 
34  point  at  400  yards  moves  the  bullet  4  inches  on  the  target. 
3-1  point  at  500  yards  moves  the  bullet  5  inches  on  the  target. 
34  point  at  1,000  yards  moves  the  bullet  10  inches  on  the 
target. 


38  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

THE  SQUARE  RULE  TOR  CHANGING  ELEVATION. 

(How  to  change  in  elevation  after  hitting  the  target.) 

178.  Changing  the  elevation  100  yards  at  any  range  gives  change  on 
the  target  equal  to  the  number  of  inches  in  the  square  of  the  range. 

Example:  At  200  yards  changing  the  elevation  100  yards  gives 
4  inches  change  on  the  target;  at  300  yards,  9  inches;  500  yards, 
25 inches;  600 yards,  36 inches;  1,000 yards,  100 inches.  Changing 
50  yards  gives  half  as  much,  and  changing  the  elevation  25  yards 
gives  one-qiiarter  as  much.  For  example:  When  shooting  at  600 
yards  changing  elevation  25  yards  gives  a  change  of  9  inches  on 
the  target. 

This  rule  is  not  exact,  but  is  close  enough  for  all  purposes. 

179.  Do  not  make  changes  in  windage  or  elevation  boldly.     Make 
-  a  little  less  change  than  what  the  rules  would  call  for.     In  practice, 

changes  seem  to  carry  the  bullet  more  than  expected.  Change 
cautiously.  In  case  of  doubt  favor  the  smaller  change,  and  unless 
quite  sure  of  the  hold  or  pull,  or  unless  changes  in  conditions  suggest 
it,  do  not  change  for  one  shot  a  little  off. 

When  a  change  in  wind  or  other  conditions  is  observed,  or  when 
several  shots  have  grouped  off  the  bull's-eye,  do  not  hesitate  to 
change  the  sights. 

Always  aim  the  same  way  and  control  the  point  of  hit  by  chang- 
ing elevation  and  windage. 

Examples :  Refer  to  the  500-yard  scales  and  notice  the  elevation 
marks  on  the  side  and  the  windage  marks  on  the  bottom  of  the 
target.  (In  all  theee  examples  when  in  doubt  give  the  smaller 
change.)  A  bullet  strikes  at  the  top  of  the  target  (a  2  at  12  o'clock). 
How  much  change  in  elevation  is  required  for  next  shot?  For  a 
3  at  12  o'clock?  For  a  4  at  6  o'clock?  Suppose  the  dirt  just  under 
the  target  is  hit,  how  much  change? 

How  much  change  in  windage  is  required  for  a  2  at  3  o'clock,  for 
a  3  at  9  o'clock,  for  a  4  at  3  o'clock?  How  many  points  windage  in 
the  entire  width  of  the  target?  How  many  points  wide  is  the 
bull's-eye? 

What  changes  are  required  for  a  2  at  10  o  'clock?  A  2  at  7  o'clock? 
A  3  at  5  o'clock?  A  3  at  2  o'clock?  A  4  at  1  o'clock?  A  4  at  8 
o'clock? 

Try  similar  examples  for  the  other  ranges. 

Now  use  a  B  target  or  a  representation  of  a  B  target  with  its  bull's- 
eye  and  rings.  Remember  the  dimensions  of  the  target,  especially 
the  eize  of  the  bull's-eye,  and  the  " 9-inch  rule,"  and  the  quarter- 
point  rule  for  windage  and  the  square  rule  for  elevations. 

Assume  that  the  firing  is  at  500  yards,  and  without  looking  at  the 
scale  tell  what  changes  would  be  made  in  both  elevation  and  wind- 
age in  the  above  cases. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


39 


?        liiioiiii       2 


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Scales  showing  effect  of   changes  in  eleYation  in  yards  and  windage  in  points 
and  quarter  points. 


40  SMALL  ARMS  TIRING  REGULATIONS, 

EXPERT   RIFLEMAN   COURSE. 

180.  Officers  who  have  previously,  and  men  who  during  current 
enlistment,  have  qualified  as  sharpshooters  or  expert  rifleinan,  fire 
the  expert  rifleman  course. 

181.  The  course  may  be  repeated  in  each  year  while  attached  to 
each  division  as  often  as  practicable  until  qualification  or  requali- 
fication  is  attained. 

182.  All  firing  in  this  course  is  at  500  yards. 

183.  No  rest  is  used. 

184.  The  course  is  as  follows : 

Slow  fire:  5  prone— 5  kneeling— 5  squatting— 5  sitting.  Total,  20  shots. 
Rapid  fire:  5  prone- 5  kneeling— 5  squatting— 5  sitting.  Total,  20  shots. 
Changing  positions  fire:  Four  strings  of  5  shots  each.         Total,  20  shots. 

Aggregate  number  of  shots  (1  bandoleer) 60 

Possible  aggrecate  score SCO 

Aggregate  score  necessary  to  qualify  or  requalify  as  expert  rifleman 210 

Or  a  total  score  in  changing  positions  fire  of 70 

Provided  that  the  changing  positions  fire  must  have  been  fired  as  a  part  of  the 
complete  course. 

185.  Failure  to  requalify  does  not  remove  qualification  previ- 
ously attained  during  current  enlistment. 

186.  Only  men  who,  during  current  enlistment,  have  qualified 
as  sharpshooter  and  no  higher,  and  men  who,  in  previous  years  of 
current  enlistment,  have  qualified  or  requalified  as  expert  rifleman 
and  who,  during  current  year  have  not  qualified  or  reqaulified  as 
expert  riflemen  are  eligible  to  compete  for  prizes  in  the  expert  rifle- 
man course,  provided  that  when  an  expert  rifleman  is  transferred 
to  a  different  division  he  is  again  eligible  to  compete  during  the 
year. 

187.  Men  who  have  fired  the  course  and  failed  to  qualify  or  re- 
qualify may  compete  for  prizes. 

188.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  expert  rifleman  course  is  $3. 

INFORMATION  FOR  EXPERT  RIFLEMEN. 

189.  The  Navy  courses  do  not  include  firing  beyona  500  yards,  be- 
cause all  the  principles  of  firing  at  longer  ranges  can  be  taught  at 
500  yards,  and  it  is  difficult  to  provide  range  facilities  permitting 
firing  at  longer  ranges  than  500  yards  in  the  time  that  can  be  devoted 
to  small  arms  practice  in  the  naval  service. 

190.  Naval  personnel  compete  with  other  riflemen  in  matches  at 
long  ranges,  and  reference  is  made  in  these  instructions  to  fire  at 
longer  ranges  than  is  included  in  Navy  courses. 

191.  The  following  information  is  for  those  who  have  become 
familiar  with  the  elementary  essentials  and  who  have  acquired 
skill  in  practice. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  41 

THE  MICROMETER  OR  VERNIER. 

192.  The  micrometer  or  vernier  is  an  instrument  for  making 
very  small  and  accurate  changes  in  elevation.  It  is  constructed 
so  that  a  movement  of  one  of  its  divisions  makes  a  change  on  the 
target  equal  to  1  inch  for  each  100  yards  of  range.     For  example: 

A  change  of  one  division,  called  minutes  or  degrees,  on  the 
micrometer  at  200  yards  gives  a  change  of  2  inches  on  the  target; 
600  yards,  6  inches;  1,000  yards,  10  inches,  and  so  forth  for  every 
range.  The  best  way  to  learn  to  set  and  read  a  micrometer  is  to 
get  an  experienced  man  to  show  you.  The  instrument  is  very 
simple  and  convenient.  Some  sights  are  made  with  the  microm- 
eter readings  marked  on  the  sight. 

A  minute  gives  the  same  amount  of  change  in  elevation  as  a  quarter  of  a  point 
gives  in  windage. 

WEATHER  CONDITIONS. 

193.  There  are  two  conditions  which  considerably  affect  eleva- 
tions at  long  range ;  they  are  light  and  what  is  called  by  riflemen 
mirage. — Their  effect  is  not  noticeable  at  short  ranges,  and  is 
small  at  mid  ranges  (500  and  600  yards),  but  is  considerable  at  long 
ranges  (800  and  1,000  yards).  The  effect  on  elevations  of  head  and 
tail  winds  is  noticeable  at  1,000  yards  and  strong  winds  require  an 
allowance  of  not  over  25  yards  at  1,000  yards.  Higher  elevation  is 
required  for  head  winds  and  lower  elevation  for  tail  winds. 

194.  Mirage. — ^What  is  called  mirage  by  riflemen  is  not  true 
mirage  but  is  the  heat  waves  often  noticed  with  the  naked  eye,  but 
more  clearly  seen  with  the  telescope.  It  is  really  the  air  traveling 
on  the  range.  It  is  the  best  guide  for  v/indage,  because  as  seen 
through  the  telescope  directed  at  the  target  it  is  the  actual  air 
through  which  the  bullet  travels,  while  flags  may  show  currents 
of  air  moving  in  other  directions.  When  the  mirage  and  flags  do  not 
agree,  which  is  often  the  case  on  the  range,  the  mirage  is  the  true 
guide. 

The  ability  to  see  clearly  the  correct  movement  of  the  mirage  and 
estimate  its  rate  of  speed  and  to  see  it  stop  and  change  direction 
comes  only  by  practice  and  study.  The  beginner  can  easily  see 
the  disturbance  of  the  air,  but  at  first  is  usually  unable  to  tell 
whether  it  is  moving  to  the  right  or  to  the  left,  or  to  detect  slight 
changes  in  its  speed.  The  best  way  to  acquire  ability  to  skillfully 
use  the  mirage  is  to  cons' antly  study  it  through  the  telescope  while 
shooting,  and  get  help  from  some  experienced  ''wind  doper." 
^  The  ability  to  use  the  mirage  skillfully  in  shooting  is  what  dis- 
tinguishes the  real  long  range  match  rifleman  from  the  novice. 
Strong  winds  dispel  mirage.  The  information  obtained  from  the 
mirage  is  more  valuable  when  the  wind  is  light,  and  especially  when 


42  SMALL  ARMS  TIRING  REGULATIONS. 

it  is  fishtailing;  that  is,  shifting  from  one  side  to  the  other.  Track 
of  the  direction  of  the  fishtail  winds  can  not  be  reliably  kept  by  the 
flags,  but  the  mirage  will  tell  exactly.  Any  good  holder  can  make 
a  good  score  in  a  cross  wind,  but  the  real  test  comes  when  handling 
fishtail  winds. 

195.  Heavy  mirage  calls  for  higher  elevation. — ^A  heavy  mirage 
causes  a  wavy  appearance  of  the  target,  making  the  bull's-eye  ap- 
pear to  be  drawn  out  and  down,  and  consequently  higher  elevation 
is  required. 

When  the  wind  is  fishtailing  the  mirage  changes  direction;  that 
is,  sometimes  moves  to  the  right,  and  sometimes  to  the  left.  When 
there  is  no  movement  to  the  right  or  left,  the  wind  is  either  still  for 
the  moment  or  the  wind  is  carrying  the  mirage  directly  toward  or 
from  the  target.  The  mirage  then  appears  to  rise,  and  is  said  to  be 
*' boiling."  Try  to  avoid  shooting  in  a  ''boil"  for  this  is  when  the 
elevations  are  more  disturbed  and  you  are  liable  to  get  a  miss  (below 
the  target).  This  accounts  for  some  misses  which  inexperienced 
shooters  are  apt  to  call  * '  unaccountables. ' '  The  mirage  ' '  boils  "  just 
as  it  changes  direction  from  right  to  left  or  from  left  to  right.  Wait 
for  the  mirage  to  take  a  movement  to  the  right  or  left;  it  never 
*' boils"  long.  A  light  mirage  which  is  not  in  a  ''boil"  does  not 
appreciably  affect  elevation. 

196.  A  telescope  is  needed  for  mid  and  long  range  firing.  The 
telescope  is  placed  on  a  rest  so  that  you  can  easily  place  the  eye 
to  the  telescope  while  watching  the  mirage,  and  just  after  shooting 
so  that  you  can  see  the  spotter.  A  camp  stool  upside  down  is  a 
fine  telescope  rest. 

197.  Light. — A  change  in  conditions  from  bright  light  (sunshine) 
to  dull  light  (cloudy)  requires  changes  in  both  elevation  and 
windage. 

If  you  are  shooting  in  a  dull  light  and  the  sun  comes  out,  your 
shots  wil]  then  strike  low,  and  if  the  sun  is  to  the  right  your  shots 
will  also  strike  to  the  left,  or,  if  the  sun  is  to  the  left,  your  shots  will 
also  strike  to  the  right. 

The  effect  of  light  must  therefore  be  compensated  for,  and  the 
rule  is  to  move  your  sight  into  the  sun  both  for  elevation  and  wind- 
age. In  other  words,  if  shooting  in  a  dull  light  and  the  sun  comes 
out  raise  >^our  elevation  and  move  the  windage  to  the  right  if  the  sun 
is  to  the  right  or  to  the  left  if  the  sun  is  to  the  left. 

The  amount  of  change  to  make  for  sunlight  has  been  found  by 
practical  experience  to  be  from  J  to  J  point  of  windage  and  about 
25  yards  in  elevation. 

A  good  plan  for  mid  and  long  range  slow  fire,  when  shooting  in 
changing  lights,  is  to  wait  as  much  as  possible  and  try  to  fire  your 
shots  under  the  same  light  conditions. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  43 

198.  The  best  condition  for  shooting  to  determine  the  zero  of  a 
rifle  is  a  dull  light  or  a  cloudy  day;  500  yards  is  the  best  range  for 
determining  the  zero;  at  shorter  ranges  a  change  of  a  quarter  of  a 
point  gives  too  small  a  change  (at  200  yards  it  is  only  2  inches)  on 
the  target  and  at  ranges  longer  than  500  yards  the  trajectory  begins 
to  get  unsteady  and  unreliable.  Bear  the  sun  rule  in  mind  and  the 
rifle  will  not  seem  to  change  its  zero  so  often. 

•     FINDING  THE   TARGET. 

199.  If  the  target  is  not  hit  by  the  first  shot  the  trouble  is  prob- 
ably in  elevation,  because  any  error  in  estimating  the  windage 
should  not  be  sufficient  to  carry  the  shot  off  the  target.  To  find 
the  target,  make  changes  in  elevation  of  50  yards  at  a  time.  Often 
misses  are  the  result  of  neglecting  to  set  the  sight  or  of  the  sight 
slipping  down.  First  examine  the  sight  and  see  that  the  windage 
has  been  set  on  the  correct  side,  and  then  if  you  have  made  no 
mistakes  you  should  begin  by  coming  down  at  long  range  50  yards, 
then  if  you  miss  again  come  up  50  yards  from  the  original  eleva- 
tion, and  so  on  until  you  find  the  target. 

MACHINE    GUN    COURSE. 

200.  This  course  is  for  any  machine  gun  or  automatic  rifle  issued 
to  the  service  for  use  with  small  arms  ammunition. 

201.  Each  officer  and  man  may  fire  this  course  once  per  year 
while  attached  to  each  division. 

202.  The  course  may  be  fired  at  any  range. 

At  Guantanamo  the  300-yard  range  will  generally  be  available  for  this  course. 

203.  The  course  is  60  shots  for  each  firer. 

Possible  score  300. 

204.  Not  over  5  extra  shots  may  be  fired  slow  fire  fashion  prelimi- 
nary to  each  course.     These  shots  are  not  counted  in  the  score. 

205.  After  each  string  of  60  shots  the  score  is  taken  in  the  butts 
and  communicated,  preferably  by  telephone,  to  the  firing  line  and 
there  bulletined  for  the  information  of  the  competitors. 

206.  The  classes  for  prizes  are  composed  of  the  enlisted  men 
who  fire  the  gun.  The  coaches  and  helpers  are  not  included  in 
classes  for  competition  except  when  they  fire  the  gun. 

207.  All  the  members  of  a  class  of  competitors  may  fire  the  same 
gun,  or  they  may  fire  different  guns. 

208.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  machine  gun  course  is  $1. 


44  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

209.  When  on  the  range  and  not  in  use  machine  guns  must  be 
kept  on  the  firing  line  with  the  muzzles  elevated  and  pointed  to 
the  front. 

210.  Under  no  circumstances  should  anyone  be  allowed  to  pass 
in  front  of  the  muzzle  of  the  gun  whether  the  gun  is  loaded  or  not. 

211.  A  reliable  man  must  be  in  charge  of  each  gun  and  he  must 
be  present  with  it  at  all  times  and  not  allow  anyone  to  handle  it 
except  under  his  supervision. 

212.  Greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  make  sure  that  the  gun  is 
unloaded  when  not  being  made  ready  to  be  fired.  The  gas  lever 
of  the  Colt's  automatic  rifle  should  be  operated  several  times  after 
firing  has  ceased. 

INDIVIDUAL   COMPETITION    GENERAL. 

213.  In  addition  to  the  prizes  awarded  in  connection  with  the 
qualification  courses  an  individual  competition  general  for  prizes 
is  authorized.  Each  officer  and  man  may  fire  this  course  for 
credits  once  each  year  while  attached  to  each  ship  or  station. 

214.  The  firing  may  be  at  any  range  and  a  target  of  any  size  may 
be  used. — ^WTien  the  course  is  fired  at  a  longer  range  than  300  yards, 
the  sitting  position  may  be  used  instead  of  the  standing  position. 

215.  No  rest  is  used. 

216.  The  course  is  as  follows: 

Slow  fire:  5  prone — 5  kneeling— 5  squattinsj— 5  sitting.        Total,  20  shots. 

Changing  positions  fire:  Two  strings  of  5  shots  each.  Total,  10  shots. 

Aggregate  number  of  shots 30 

217.  This  course  is  separate  and  distinct  from  qualification 
practice  and  no  part  of  the  firing  done  as  qualification  practice 
will  be  included  in  its  scores,  nor  will  any  firing  done  in  this 
competition  be  included  in  qualification  scores. 

The  course  will  serve  as  a  preparation  and  try  out  for  primary 
and  division  team  competitions.  It  is  also  intended  for  practice 
on  ranges  where  the  arrangements  do  not  accommodate  the  quali- 
fication courses  and  in  galleries,  and  it  permits  the  holding  of 
primary  and  division  team  competitions  with  these  facilities. 

At  Guantanamo  it  will  be  found  convenient  to  utilize  the  300-yard  range  for  this 
course  when  other  parts  of  the  range  are  occupied  with  qualification  courses. 

218.  All  men  are  eligible  to  compete  for  this  prize  once  per  year 
.while  attached  to  each  division  or  equivalent.     The  arrangement 

of  men  into  classes  according  to  their  qualification  is  suggested. 

219.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  individual  competition  general 
is$l. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  45^ 

TEAM    COMPETITIONS. 

220.  Primary  team  competitions,  division  team  competitions, 
and  ships  team  competitions  are  authorized.  Not  more  than  two 
officers  may  fire  on  a  team,  but  no  money  prizes  will  be  paid  to 
officers,  nor  will  the  prize  to  enlisted  members  of  the  team  be 
increased  by  reason  of  prizes  not  paid  to  officers. 

Practice  in  preparation  for  these  competitions  is  authorized ;  no 
record  is  kept  of  such  practice. 

221.  In  division  team  competitions  and  in  ships  team  competi- 
tions the  teams  competing  at  the  same  time  may  be  divided  into 
separate  competitions  beforehand,  or  the  same  number  and  charac- 
ter of  prizes  may  be  awarded  according  to  standing  in  whole  list 
as  if  such  division  had  been  made. 

222.  A  copy  of  the  range  record  of  each  division  team  winning 
first  place  with  four  or  more  teams  competing  and  of  each  ship's 
team  winning  first  place  with  four  or  more  and  second  place  with 
eight  or  more  teams  competing,  showing  the  team  totals  and  aggre- 
gates of  the  other  teams  competing  will  be  furnished  the  Director 
of  Target  Practice  and  Engineering  Competitions  (or  Maior  Gen- 
eral Commandant,  or  Division  of  Naval  Militia  Affairs)  by  com- 
manding officers  as  soon  after  the  competition  as  practicable  for 
the  verification  of  data  in  requests  for  qualification  as  expert  team 
rifleman. 

PRIMARY  TEAM   COMPETITION. 

223.  Two  or  more  teams  from  the  same  division,  each  team  to- 
consist  of  eight  firing  members,  will  compete.  Each  division  is 
authorized  to  hold  one  such  competition  annually.  On  ships  not. 
organized  into  divisions,  or  where  there  are  men  not  attached  to 
divisions,  one  competition  is  authorized  for  the  ship  or  men  not 
organized  into  divisions. 

224.  The  course  to  be  fired  by  each  member  of  the  team  is  the 
course  prescribed  for  the  individual  competition  general. 

225.  The  value  of  the  prize  is  $1  to  each  man  of  the  team  making 
the  highest  aggregate  team  score. 

DIVISION   TEAM    COMPETITION. 

226.  Teams  for  this  competition  will  consist  of  one  team  of  eight 
firing  members  from  each  division  competing. 

227.  Each  division  may  enter  one  team  in  a  competition  with 
other  divisioAS  of  the  same  ship  annually,  and  may  also  enter  one 
team  in  a  competition  arranged  with  divisions  of  other  ships  or 
shore  stations  annually. 


46  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

228.  Ships  wliose  personnel  is  not  organized  into  divisions  may 
hold  this  competition  once  annually,  with  not  more  than  four  teams 
entered  in  competition  with  each  other,  and  may  also  enter  one 
team  annually  in  a  division  team  competition  with  divisions  of 
other  ships  or  with  other  similar  ships. 

229.  The  course  to  be  fired  by  each  member  of  a  team  is  the 
course  prescribed  for  the  individual  competition  general. 

230.  When  fewer  than  four  teams  compete,  the  value  of  the  prize 
is  $2  to  each  man  of  the  team  making  the  highest  aggregate  team 
score.  "When  four  or  more  teams  compete,  the  value  of  the  prize 
is  15  to  each  man  on  the  team  making  the  highest  aggregate  team 
score. 

SHIPS   TEAM    COMPETITION. 

231.  Teams  for  this  competition  will  consist  of  eight  firing  mem- 
bers from  each  ship  competing. 

232.  Each  ship  is  authorized  to  enter  one  team  in  two  competi- 
tions with  other  ships  or  stations  annually. 

233.  When  a  number  of  ships  are  in  company  and  have  access 
to  a  range,  and  the  circumstances  permit,  a  competition  for  all 
ships  which  have  not  already  entered  two  ships  competitions  since 
the  beginning  of  the  target  year,  should  be  held  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  senior  officer  present.  Fleet  matches  are  held  under 
the  above  provisions. 

234.  Commanding  oflB.cers  are  authorized  to  arrange  for  competi- 
tions with  other  ships  or  stations  whenever  the  circumstances 
permit. 

235.  The  course  to  be  fired  by  each  member  of  the  team  is  the 
expert  rifleman  course  plus  a  skirmish  run.  The  skirmish  run 
should  be  fired  after  the  rapid  fire  and  before  the  changing  posi- 
tions fire,  but  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  competition  may  change 
the  order  of  firing  for  reasons  of  expediency. 

236.  In  team  competitions,  in  each  skirmish  run,  there  will  be 
an  equal  number  of  skirmishers  from  each  team,  and  in  the  com- 
mands for  the  run  the  announcement  of  windage  will  be  omitted. 
Not  more  than  one  representative  or  member  of  a  team  may  accom- 
pany each  of  its  skirmishers  in  each  run  and  coach  them. 

237.  When  fewer  than  four  teams  compete,  the  value  of  the  prize 
is  $5  to  each  man  of  the  team  making  the  highest  aggregate  team 
score.  When  four  or  more  but  not  exceeding  eight  teams  com- 
pete, the  value  of  the  prize  is  $10  to  each  man  on  the  team  making 
the  highest  aggregate  team  score.  When  eight  or  more  teams  com- 
pete, the  value  of  the  prize  is  $20  to  each  man  on  the  team  making 
the  highest  aggregate  team  score  and  $10  to  each  man  on  the  team 
making  the  second  highest  aggregate  team  score. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  47 

COLLECTIVE    FIRE    COURSE. 

238.  The  object  of  this  course  is  to  give  officers  and  petty  officers 
experience  in  controlling  and  directing  fire,  and  to  give  officers 
and  men  experience  in  fire  discipline.  The  skirmish  runs  of  the 
sharpshooter  course  afford  experience  in  delivering  fire  with 
counted  cartridges.  The  collective  fire  course  is  designed  to 
afford  experience  in  delivering  volleys. 

239.  Collective  fire  will  be  held  by  squads  of  exactly  eight  firers, 
each  squad  commanded  by  an  officer  or  enlisted  men,  or  by  groups 
of  such  squads  firing  simultaneously.  When  the  firing  party  con- 
sists of  more  than  one  squad  the  commands  for  firing  may  be  given 
by  the  commander  of  the  whole,  or  by  the  squad  commanders,  as 
the  officer  in  charge  directs.  Squad  commanders  will  be  charged 
with  maintaining  in  their  respective  squads  the  discipline  of  the 
firing  line.     Squad  commanders  will  not  be  armed  with  rifles. 

240.  One  target  will  be  provided  for  each  squad. 

241.  The  course  will  consist  of  the  same  number  of  shots  for 
each  man  at  the  same  ranges  and  from  the  same  positions  as  for 
the  skirmish.  The  firing  will  be  by  volleys.  Thus  at  each  range 
five  volleys  will  be  fired.     There  is  no  time  limit. 

245.  Form  the  squads  in  line  of  skirmishers,  each  man  with 
20  rounds  of  ammunition  (four  clips).  Assign  each  squad  to  one 
target.  Take  a  record  showing  the  names  of  men  in  each  squad, 
the  name  of  the  squad  commander,  and  the  number  of  the  target 
assigned  to  each  squad.  The  targets  should  now  be  exposed  and 
ready  to  fire  upon.  Command  FILL  MAGAZINES,  LOAD  AND 
LOCK,  FORWARD  MARCH,  HALT,  LIE  DOWN,  600  YARDS, 

WINDAGE ,   SET  YOUR  SIGHTS,  UNLOCK  PIECES,  AT 

YOUR  OWN  TARGET,  SQUAD  (SECTION  OR  COMPANY)  AIM, 
FIRE,  SQUAD  (SECTION  OR  COMPANY)  AIM,  FIRE,  etc., 
until  five  volleys  have  been  fired.  After  each  volley  the  firers  re- 
load from  magazine  without  command.  Then  FILL  MAGAZINES, 
LOAD  AND  LOCK,  then  FORWARD,  DOUBLE  TIME,  MARCH, 
etc.  When  finished  at  200  yards,  command  PORT  ARMS,  OPEN 
CHAMBERS,  LEAVE  YOUR  CHAMBERS  OPEN.  Then  march 
the  squads  off  the  range.  The  advance  from  range  to  range  will  be 
in  double  time,  and  the  same  rests  will  be  used  as  in  the  skirmish. 

246.  Collective  fire  can  be  conducted  along  with  skirmish  runs. 

247.  Regular  values  are  assigned  to  the  hits. 

248.  The  target  is  not  marked  until  the  end  of  the  run.  The 
scores  should  then  be  telephoned  to  the  firing  line  and  there  bulle- 
tined for  the  information  of  the  competitors. 

249.  Each  officer  and  man  may  fire  in  one  collective  fire  squad 
I>er  year  when  attached  to  each  division. 


48 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRINa  REGULATIONS. 


250.  When  two  or  more  squads  of  the  same  division  fire  in  the 
same  run  a  prize  will  be  awarded  to  each  enlisted  man  (including 
the  squad  commander)  of  the  winning  squad.  Officers  may  fire  in 
the  squads,  but  no  prize  money  will  be  paid  to  officers. 

251.  When  detachments  are  formed  to  fire  on  distant  ranges  the 
requirement  that  competing  squads  must  be  from  the  same  division 
may  be  disregarded  and  in  these  cases  classes  may  be  organized  as 
circumstances  permit. 

252.  The  value  of  a  prize  to  each  man  of  the  winning  squad  in 
the  collective  fire  course  is  50  cents  times  the  number  of  squads 
competing. 

THE   PISTOL  COURSE. 

253.  Each  officer  or  man  may  fire  the  pistol  course  for  credits 
once  per  year  while  attached  to  each  division. 

254.  The  firing  in  the  pistol  course  may  be  done  at  any  range. 

255.  Any  target  may  be  used. 

256.  The  course  is  as  follows: 


Position. 


Slow  fire. 


Rapid  fire. 


Prone 

Kneeling . . 
Squatting. 
Standing.. 


5  shots . 
5  shots . 
5  shots . 
5  shots . 


1  string  of  5  shots. 
1  string  of  5  shots. 
1  string  of  5  shots. 
1  string  of  5  shots. 


Total  number  of  shots . 


20 


20 


Aggregate  number  of  shots 40 

Possible  aggregate  score 200 

257.  All  men  are  eligible  to  compete  for  prizes  in  this  course 
once  per  year  while  attached  to  each  division. 

258.  The  value  of  a  prize  in  the  pistol  course  is  $1. 

259.  When  scoring  in  the  pistol  courses,  in  order  to  prevent 
the  markers  from  knowing  the  names  of  the  individuals  who  are 
firing,  the  name  of  the  firer  will  not  be  announced  by  the  scorer, 
but  the  number  of  the  target  he  fires  upon  will  be  substituted  for 
his  name. 

260.  Before  automatic  pistols  are  brought  to  a  range,  the  maga- 
zines should  be  removed  and  kept  removed  at  all  times  except 
while  the  pistol  is  in  actual  use  at  the  firing  point. 

261.  Under  no  circumstances  should  any  one  handle  a  pistol, 
loaded  or  unloaded,  except  when  he  is  on  the  firing  line  fully 
abreast  of  the  firers,  and  the  pistol  should  never  be  pointed  in 
any  other  direction  than  the  front. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


49 


NOTES  ON  PISTOL  PRACTICE. 

262.  When  a  pistol  is  first  taken  in  hand  it  should  be  examined 
to  make  sure  that  it  is  not  loaded. 

263.  Both  the  front  sight  and  the  rear  sighting 

groove  should  be  blackened.     When  the  pistol 

is  aimed  the  front  sight  should  be  seen  through 

the  middle  of  the  rear  sighting  groove  and  the 

top  of  the  front  sight  should  be  flush  with  the 

top  of  the  groove.     The  part  of  the  target  to 

be  aimed  at  must  be  determined  by  practice. 

With  most  pistols  at  25  yards  the  aim  is  usually 

taken  at  the  bottom  edge  or  in  the  bottom 

part  of  the  bull  's-eye,  and  at  50  yards  in 

the  center  or  in  the  upper  part  of  the 

bull's-eye. 

264.  Grasp  the  stock  of  the  pistol  as 

high  up  as  you  can  so  that  the  barrel, 

hand,  and  arm  are  as  nearly  as  possible 

in  one  straight  line .    The  thumb  should 

be  extended  along  the  upper  part 

of  the  frame.      The  second  joint 

of  the  forefinger  should  be  on  the 

^er. 

265.  Start   with    a  light  grip 

and     gradually     squeeze 

with    the    whole    hand, 

the  trigger  finger  squeez- 

Aiming  at  the  bottom  edge  of  the  bulPs-eye.     in^  gradually  back  as  the 

The  point  aimed  at  varies  with  the  pistol  and    grip    is    tightened,    and 

with  the  range.  continue  squeezing  mth- 

out  a  jerk  until  the  pistol  fires.     Decide  to  call  the  hold  and  to 

keep  the  right  eye  open. 


Prone  with  the  pistol. 


50 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


Kneeling  on  right  knee.       Kneeling  on  left  knee. 


266.  If  the  hits  are  bunched  to  one  side 
they  can  be  moved  to  the  right  by  increas- 
ing the  pressure  of  the  thumb  against  the 
left  side  of  the  pistol  or  to  the  left  by  de- 
creasing the  pressure. 

267.  Snapping — that  is,  aiming  and 
squeezing  the  trigger  with  the  pistol  not 
loaded — is  most  valuable  practice.  No 
man  should  load  and  fire  until  he  has 
snapped  several  times  to  get  acquainted 
with  the  ti-igger  pull  of  the  pistol .  Expert 
pistol  shots  do  a  great  deal  of  snapping 
instead  of  a  great  deal  of  firing.  Steady 
holding  can  be  acquired  only  by  much 
snapping  practice. 

268.  In  the  prone  position  the  right  el- 
bow has  excellent  support  on  the  ground. 
In  the  kneeling  position  the  firer  may 
kneel  on  either  knee.  Kneeling  on  the 
left  knee  affords  an  excellent  rest  on  the 
right  knee  for  the  elbow .  In  the  squatt  ing 
position  both  elbows  rest  on  the  knees. 
In  the  standing  position  face  the  target 
squarely,  or  nearly  so.  Stand  upright,  not 
craning  the  head  forward,  and  extend  the 
arm  to  its  full  stretch. 

269.  A  coach  should  be  at  each  firing 
point.  In  addition  to  the  general  duties  of 
a  coach,  his  specific  duties  in  pistol  prac- 
tice are:  (1)  to  stand  slightly  behind  the 
right  side  of  the  firer  in  order  to  prevent  the 


Squatting 


Facing  the   target  squarely; 
arm  extended  to  full  stretch. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


51 


pistol  being  pointed  away  from  the  front,  (2)  to  see  that  the  pistol 
IS  not  loaded  until  the  proper  time,  (3)  to  require  the  firer  to  explain 
the  line  of  sight,  (4)  to  see  that  the  firer  takes  the  proper  position 
and  holds  the  pistol  properly,  (5)  to  require  the  firer  to  snap  several 
times  and  to  call  the  hold,  (6)  to  see  that  the  firer  loads  properly, 
and  (7)  to  see  that  the  pistol  is  unloaded  before  it  leaves  the  firer's 
hands. 


MECHANISM   OF  THE  PISTOL. 


270.  To  thoroughly  familiarize  men  with  the  mechanism  of  the 
pistol  they  should  be  required  to  dismount  and  assemble  its  parts; 
sqtiad  classes  under  an  instructor  should  be  used  for  this  purpose. 


p  Safetu 


Automatic  pistol,  caliber  .45. 

271.  When  the  slide  is  in  its  forward  position  and  the  hammer  is 
full  cocked,  push  the  safety  lock  up  to  lock  the  hammer. 

272.  The  ^ip  safety  at  all  times  automatically  locks  the  trigger 
unless  the  grip  safety  is  pressed  in  by  firmly  grasping  the  handle 
as  in  the  firing  position. 

When  the  slide  is  drawn  fully  back  to  its  rear  position,  if  the 
magazine  is  empty  the  slide  stop  automatically  locks  the  slide  in 
its  open  position;  if  the  magazine  is  not  empty,  and  there  is  no 
jam,  the  slide  when  released  will  spring  to  its  forward  position 
unless  it  is  locked  by  pressing  the  slide  stop  up  into  the  rece&s 
on  the  slide. 


52  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

When  the  pistol  is  fired  and  the  slide  remains  open,  it  indi- 
cates either  that  the  magazine  is  empty  or  that  there  is  a  jam. 

273.  To  relieve  a  jam  it  is  often  necessary  to  remove  the  magazine. 

274.  To  remove  the  magazine,  press  the  magazine  catch. 

275.  To  load,  charge  the  magazine  with  any  number  of  cartridges 
from  one  to  seven  (with  five  for  a  string  in  the  Navy  courses); 
insert  the  magazine  into  the  hollow  of  the  handle  with  a  quick 
continuous  movement  until  the  click  of  the  magazine  catch  is 
heard;  then  draw  the  slide  fully  back  and  release  it,  thus  cocking 
the  pistol  and  bringing  the  first  cartridge  into  the  chamber.  The 
pistol  is  now  ready  for  firing. 

276.  With  the  magazine  empty,  the  pistol  can  be  used  as  a  single 
loader  by  drawing  back  the  slide,  inserting  a  cartridge  in  the 
chamber,  and  pressing  down  the  slide  stop  to  release  the  slide. 

As  a  safety  precaution ,  with  inexperienced  firers,  the  pistol  should 
be  used  as  a  single  loader  in  slow  fire,  the  coach  keeping  the  ammu- 
nition in  his  possession  and  inserting  single  cartridges  in  the  pistol 
for  the  firer. 

277.  After  the  pistol  is  single  loaded  (and  locked  as  a  safety  pre- 
caution), a  filled  magazine  may  be  inserted;  the  pistol  then  carries 
eight  cartridges  ready  for  use. 

It  is  dangerous,  however,  to  carry  the  pistol  thus  loaded,  and,  ex- 
cept in  emergencies,  the  pistol  should  be  carried  with  the  chamber 
empty.  When  cartridges  are  in  the  magazine,  to  cock,  load  the 
chamber,  and  fully  prepare  the  pistol  for  use  it  is  only  necessary 
to  draw  the  slide  fully  to  the  rear  and  release  it. 

278.  Pressure  must  be  entirely  relieved  from  the  trigger  after 
each  shot  in  order  that  the  trigger  may  reengage  the  sear. 

279.  To  inspect  a  pistol  to  see  that  it  is  unloaded,  or  to  unload  it, 
draw  the  slide  to  the  rear  and  release  it  as  often  as  is  necessary  until 
it  automatically  remains  in  the  open  position.  If  loaded,  each 
time  the  slide  is  drawn  to  the  rear  a  cartridge  will  be  ejected. 

280.  With  the  revolver,  to  load,  unload,  or  inspect  it  to  see  whether 
it  is  loaded  hold  the  revolver  in  the  left  hand,  cylinder  in  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  muzzle  pointing  to  the  front  or  in  a  safe  direction;  un- 
latch and  open  the  cylinder.  In  closing  the  cylinder  press  it  home 
smartly  until  it  clicks,  and  then  verify  latching  by  pressing  against 
the  right  side  of  the  cylinder.  The  revolver  is  injured  and  often 
disabled  by  attempting  to  operate  the  trigger  or  hammer  when  the 
cylinder  is  not  fully  home  and  latched.  With  the  levolver  always, 
even  in  rapid  fire,  use  the  single  action;  that  is,  cock  it  before  firing 
each  shot.  The  trigger  pull  of  the  double  action  is  so  heavy  that  it 
is  impossible  to  keep  the  aim  in  using  it.  It  can  be  easily  cocked  by 
removing  the  finger  from  the  trigger,  raising  the  muzzle  to  the  right, 
moving  the  right  hand  up  on  the  stock,  and  placing  the  thumb  across 
the  hammer.     This  should  be  practiced  until  it  can  be  done  readily. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Conduct  of  Range  Practice. 

the  officer  in  charge  of  the  range. 

281.  The  oificer  in  charge  of  the  use  of  the  range  or  his  represent- 
ative will  be  present  upon  the  firing  line.  He  will  assign  parties  to 
targets,  provide  the  firing  line  with  score  boards,  chalk,  telephones, 
and  other  necessary  and  convenient  equipment,  see  that  proper 
safety  precautions  are  taken,  and  facilitate  the  use  of  the  range. 

PERMANENT   RANGE    DETAILS. 

282.  During  target  practice  periods  there  should  be  assigned  to 
duty  under  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  range  a  permanent  detail  of 
officers  and  men  to  provide  and  keep  the  range  and  its  equipment 
ready  for  use,  so  that  they  will  become  accustomed  to  the  duties  and 
familiar  with  the  equipment.  This  permanent  detail  should  in- 
clude an  officer  in  charge  of  each  firing  line ;  an  officer  in  charge  of 
each  butts;  men  to  perform  telephone  service  on  firing  line  and  in 
the  butts;  men  to  repair  and  provide  targets,  spotters,  pasters, 
paste,  paste  brushes,  marking  disks,  chalk,  etc.,  in  the  butts;  and 
men  to  provide  and  police  the  firing  lines  and  gather  empty  car- 
tridge cases,  etc.  Only  experienced  range  men  can  give  good  tele- 
phone service,  and  good  telephone  service  is  indispensable.  It  is 
not  economical  to  have  large  firing  parties  delayed  because  equip- 
ment is  not  readily  provided  and  prepared.  Transient  parties  can 
not  give  efficient  service.  A  few  men  can  gather  the  empty  car- 
tridge cases,  etc.,  and  police  the  range  very  quickly  after  firing 
parties  have  left. 

283.  These  permanent  details  should  be  quartered  on  the  range. 

284.  After  firing  parties  are  clear,  range  details  should  police  the 
firing  lines,  and  gather  empty  cartridge  cases,  empty  packing 
boxes,  bandoleers,  and  brass  clips  to  be  stored  on  the  range,  and  be 
disposed  of  as  required  in  Naval  Instructions. 

ORGANIZATION    OF   PARTIES   FOR   THE    RANGE. 

285.  An  officer  should  be  in  charge  of  the  entire  party  from 
each  ship.  When  the  party  is  large,  he  should  provide  himself  with 
a  megaphone.  WTien  there  are  parties  from  several  divisions  of  the 
ship,  an  officer  should  be  in  charge  of  all  the  ship's  butt  details. 
He  should  provide  himself  with  a  watch,  preferably  a  stop  watch. 

286.  With  the  party  from  each  division  there  will  be  an  officer 
or  petty -officer  in  charge  who  will  take  the  scores  of  the  division, 
unless  a  special  score  taker  is  included  in  the  party;  a  petty  officer 
or  selected  man  for  telephone  duty  on  the  firing  line  and  one  in 
the  butts,  unless  the  telephones  are  manned  by  permanent  details; 
and  a  petty  officer  or  selected  man  in  charge  of  the  butt  detail. 

287.  In  addition  to  the  above  details,  for  each  target  there  will 
be  required  in  all  courses  one  marker  for  duty  in  the  butts  and 
one  coach  for  each  firing  point. 

53 


54  SMALL  ARMS  iFIRING  REGULATIONS. 

288.  In  individual  courses  the  firers  score  for  each  other  while 
waiting  their  turn  to  fire. 

289.  In  team  matches,  in  addition  to  the  above,  each  team  of 
eio:ht  men  should  provide  a  scorer.  The  scorers  in  team  matches 
mil  be  assigned  to  firing  points  of  other  teams. 

TIME    REQUIRED   TO   FIRE   THE    COURSES. 

290.  In  the  marksman,  sharpshooter,  and  expert  rifleman 
courses  four  firers  per  target  can  complete  each  course  in  a  half  day. 
In  the  individual  competition,  general,  primary  team,  division 
team,  and  pistol  courses  eight  men  per  target  can  complete  each 
■course  in  a  half  day.  If  necessary,  four  men  per  target  can  fire 
the  ship's  team  course  in  a  long  half  day,  but  it  is  preferable  to  use 
a  whole  day  for  this  course,  and,  if  necessary,  eight  men  can  then 
fire  on  one  target.  If  a  machine  gun  works  smoothly,  the  machine 
gun  course  can  be  fired  by  half  of  the  men  in  a  division  in  a  half 
day.  Collective  fire  squads  can  fire  in  from  10  to  20  minutes. 
They  may  accompany  skirmish  runs. 

291.  In  courses  where  slow,  rapid,  and  changing  positions  fire 
are  fired,  each  firer  should  complete  all  his  slow  fire,  before  the  next 
firer  begins;  then,  when  all  have  completed  slow  fire,  the  same  pro- 
cedure should  be  taken  with  the  other  kinds  of  fire.  Confusion 
results  when  the  various  elements  of  a  firing  line  take  up  the  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  fire  at  different  times.  All  should  operate  together 
on  the  same  command.  Changes  from  one  kind  of  fire  to  another 
should  not  be  made  by  smaller  elements  than  a  whole  ship's  party, 
and, in  team  competitions  all  teams  should  begin  each  kind  of  fire 
at  the  same  time. 

THE    OFFICER   IN   CHARGE    OF  THE   FIRING   PARTY. 

292.  The  officer  in  charge  of  the  firing  party  will  see  that  the 
ofiicers  or  petty  officers  in  charge  of  each  division  party  perform 
the  following  duties:  Before  the  firing  party  leaves  ranks  at  the 
range,  form  and  move  off  butt  details;  arrange* the  firers  in  squads 
for  each  firing  point;  assign  the  coaches  and  squads  to  firing  points; 
announce  in  individual  courses  whether  or  not  men  of  a  division 
are  further  subdivided  into  classes  for  prizes;  attend  to  the  issue 
of  ammunition  and  of  chalk  for  scoring;  see  that  the  ecoretaker 
has  a  correct  list  of  the  classes;  require  the  chambers  to  be  opened; 
and  caution  the  men  to  habitually  keep  the  chambers  open,  and 
never  to  put  the  rifle  in  the  shoulder,  or  point  it  at  anything  in 
the  rear  of  the  firing  points.  Before  firing  begins,  the  names  of 
all  the  firers  are  written  on  the  score  board.  Before  the  party  is 
dismissed  after  the  firing  is  completed,  the  chambers  will  be 
opened,  inspected,  and  closed,  and  the  announcement  of  award 
of  prizes  will  be  made. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS.  66 

COACHES. 

293.  In  all  courses  there  should  be  a  coach  at  each  firing  point. 
The  coaches  will  see  that  all  requirements  are  carried  out  and 

will  guard  against  accident  and  delay.  In  individual  courses 
the  coach  will  be  on  the  firer's  right.  He  requires  the  firer  to 
explain  the  line  of  sight,  or  how  he  is  going  to  aim;  sees  that  the 
sights  are  set  properly;  requires  the  firer  to  take  the  proper  position 
and  to  hold  the  rifle  properly,  especially  with  the  sling  the  proper 
length  and  properly  adjusted,  the  jaw  hard  against  the  stock, 
thumb  not  across  the  stock;  coaches  the  firer  to  squeeze  the  trigger 
properly;  requires  the  firer  to  call  the  shot  immediately;  inspects 
the  sights  each  time  they  are  changed ;  watches  every  detail  care- 
fully; corrects  all  faults;  gives  necessary  instruction;  sees  that  the 
rifle  is  unloaded  and  the  chamber  left  open  before  the  firer  leaves 
the  firing  point;  supervises  the  scorers;  and  requires  them  to 
announce  the  score  correctly  and  in  proper  language. 

FIRING   SINGLY. 

294.  In  all  firing,  men  will  fire  singly  and  not  in  pairs.  A  coach 
can  not  supervise  properly  more  than  one  man  at  a  time.  If  men 
are  in  pairs  and  fire  alternately,  it  is  irritating  to  wait  for  their 
turns  to  fire,  and  confusion  in  scormg  results. 

BUZZERS. 

295.  Buzzers  are  not  necessary  on  ranges.  They  are  misused 
by  being  pressed  before  the  bullet  reaches  the  target  at  long  range 
and  they  make  the  markers  inattentive.  It  is  better  for  the  mark- 
ers to  watch  their  targets;  then  they  will  keep  alert.  If  buzzers 
are  provided,  do  not  permit  their  use  without  permission  each 
time  from  a  coach  or  range  official,  and  never  press  a  buzzer  to 
have  a  target  re-marked  because  the  target  will  then  be  pulled  and 
a  miss  signaled . 

TELEPHONES. 

296.  One  telephone  to  a  group  of  from  10  to  16  targets  is  suffi- 
cient. Messages  to  butts  should  be  brief  and  explicit.  If  the 
target  is  to  be  pulled  and  marked,  say  ''Mark  number  — ."  If 
it  has  been  pulled,  and  it  is  to  be  pulled, re-examined,  and  marked 
again,  say  "Re-mark  number  — ."  When  the  hit  is  to  be  disked, 
or  disked  a  second  time,  without  the  target  being  pulled  down, 
say  "Disk  number  — ."  Angry  and  irritating  messages  to  butts 
only  result  in  still  poorer  service.  If  a  certain  target  gives  con- 
sistently bad  service  call  to  the  telephone  the  one  in  charge  of 
the  markers  and  explain  definitely  the  trouble. 

The  service  in  the  butts  is  much  improved  when  with  each  tele- 
phone man  there  is  an  experienced  messenger  to  deliver  messages 
received  and  to  supervise  their  execution. 


66  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

NECESSITY   FOR   CORRECT   MARKING   AND     SCORING. 

297.  All  firing  in  the  Navy  courses  is  strictly  competitive. 
There  is  no  incentive  for  fraud,  because  when  men  do  improper 
marking  or  scoring  they  merely  injure  each  other,  and  when 
improper  scoring  is  done  it  will  be  in  the  presence  of  the  men 
who  are  defrauded.  There  can  be  no  interest  in  shooting  unless 
the  marking  and  scoring  is  efficient.  Improper  marking  and  scor- 
ing are  easily  detected.  Firers  want  correct  marking  so  that  they 
can  know  how  to  fire  the  following  shots.  The  use  of  spotters 
insures  correct  marking  in  slow  fire,  and  no  target  should  be  marked 
in  rapid  or  changing  position  fire,  except  in  the  presence  of  an 
officer  or  petty  officer  or  other  competent  supervisor. 


298.  All  scoring  should  be  done  on  a  blackboard  in  plain  view 
of  all  bystanders.  When  everyone  can  see  all  the  scores  interest 
is  excited.  Scores  should  not  be  erased  until  it  is  necessary  to 
do  so.  Scorers  will  not  erase  any  score  until  orders  to  erase  are 
given.  When  a  target  is  marked  the  scorer  should  announce  the 
score  loud  enough  to  be  heard  by  the  firer  and  bystanders,  record- 
ing each  shot  as  he  announces  it.  The  form  of  announcing  is  as 
follows: 

In  slow  fire:  '"Seaman ,  first  shot  prone  a  five,"  or  ''Sea- 
man   ,  fifth  shot  kneeling  a  miss." 

In  rapid  fire  and  changing  positions  fire :  "Target  number , 

Seaman    ,  one  four,   two    fours,  one  three,  one  miss,   two 

misses." 

In  pistol  practice,  slow  fire:  "Target  number ,  first  shot 

prone  a  three."     Rapid  fire:  "Target  number  ,  one  five, 

one  four,  one  three,  one  two,  two  twos." 

Note. — Use  expression  "five"  instead  of  "bull's-eye,"  and  " miss "  instead  o 
slang  expression. 

299.  In  skirmish,  machine-gun,  and  collective  fire  the  scores 
should  be  communicated  without  delay  to  the  firing  line  and 
there  bulletined  for  the  information  of  the  competitors. 

300.  Scorers  must  be  stationed  in  line  in  rear  of  their  firing 
points  and  must  confine  their  language  to  their  strict  duties. 

301.  Hits  made  on  the  wrong  targets  are  scored  as  misses. 

302.  Firers  should  examine  their  scores  and  totals  on  the  score 
board.  After  leaving  the  range  the  totals  on  the  record  sheets  will 
not  be  questioned. 


SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 


57 


Specimen  Score  Board  used  in  Marksman  and  Expert  Rifle. 
MAN  Courses. 

(A  black  board  with  white  letters  and  lines.) 


TARGET  NO.   41.     Second    DIVISION,  U.  S.  S.  Alaska.     COACH,  Gray. 

NAME 

RATE 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

1 

2  3  4  5 

1 

2  3  4 

5 

12  3  4  5 

1 

0 

JiJuj 

is 

White 

Sea 

4 

s 

4 

^ 

V' 

5  4 

6  4 

5 

4 

4   5  5   3   5  5  5 

4\89 

5 

5 

4 

4 

0 

^ 

5   J, 

3  2 

5 

5 

5445444 

3\80 

5 

4 

4 

3 

3 

^ 

5   J, 

4  4 

5 

5 

433444s 

3   79    248 

Black 

Cox 

3 

4 

4 

5 

4 

^ 

4  4 

4  4 

3 

5 

5\4   5  4   3  4   2 

5  81 

5 

4 

4 

4 

0 

B 

4  4 

4  0 

0 

0 

0004430 

0  45 

5 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

4  3 

3   3 

4 

4 

4  4  4  4  4  3  2 

0   72    198 

Green 

o.s. 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

4 

3  4 

4    3 

2 

4 

4342334 

4    70 

5 

4 

3 

0 

0 

4 

4  3 

2  2 

5 

6 

4424333 

2  62 

A 

4 

4 

3 

0 

5 

44 

2  2 

4 

4 

3   3   0  4  4   3  2 

2   61     193 

Brown 

G.M.2CL 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

4  4 

5   5 

5 

4 

4   5  S   3   5   3   5 

4   90 

5 

5 

4 

4 

3 

5 

4  4 

4  4 

5 

5 

5334443 

0   7G 

L 

L 

± 

1 

L 

L 

5   A 

3   3 

5 

5 

4444443 

2  80    248 

Note. — A  board  is  permanently  fixed  in  rear  of  each  firing  point  where  there  are 
no  firing  lines  in  rear. 


Specimen  Score  Board  used  in  the  Sharpshooter  Course. 

Showing  scores  during  the  500-yard  firing,  S.  S.  course. 

(A  black  board  with  white  letters  and  lines.) 


TARGET  16.     Second  DIVISION.  U.  S.  S.  Alaska.     COACH,  Gray. 

NAME 

RATE 

1 

2  3 

4 

5  6 

7 

8 

9ioii 

I— 

ii 

-J 

si 

2^ 

LLIUJ 
«C3 

WUie 

Sea             \3 

4\5 

IT 

4  5 

F 

3  0       35 

40 

38 

36 

Black 

Cox            \3 

34 

5 

4  5 

4 

i 

3   2       30 

Si 

33 

37 

Brown 

G.M.2CL   4 

5  4 

3 

4 

36 

37 

35 

Blue 

B.M.I  CI.   4 

±L 

4 

^ 

_ 

_ 

27 

42 

41 

Note.— This  board  is  carried  from  range  to  range.    At  each  range  erase  the 
scores  of  the  previous  range,  but  do  not  erase  the  names  and  totals. 


68  SMALL  ARMS  TIRING  REGULATIONS. 

THE    RECOKD, 

303.  Only  the  totals  of  each  class  of  fire  (in  the  sharpshooter 
course  the  aggregate  of  the  slow  and  rapid  fire  at  each  range)  are 
recorded  on  the  record  sheets  by  the  score  taker.  As  the  score 
taker  records  each  total  on  his  record  sheet  he  indicates  it  by 
causing  a  line  to  be  drawn  through  the  total  on  the  score  board. 

304.  The  totals  are  aggregated  and  the  announcement  of  award 
of  prizes,  subject  to  later  correction,  will  be  made  before  the  party 
is  dismissed. 

305.  The  record  sheets  are  then  delivered  to  the  custodian  of 
small  arms  records.  They  are  then  examined,  and  checked,  and 
the  order  for  prizes  is  drafted. 

SERVICE   IN   THE    BUTTS. 

306.  In  team  competitions  markers  should  be  assigned  to  targets 
without  reference  to  what  teams  are  firing  upon  the  targets.  No 
one  in  the  butts  should  know  to  which  targets  the  various  teams 
are  assigned.  In  individual  courses  the  markers  should  be  assigned 
to  the  targets  used  by  their  own  divisions. 

307.  One  man  is  sufficient  to  handle  a  target.  The  work  will 
keep  him  busy,  but  if  he  has  a  helper  there  is  not  sufficient  work 
to  keep  the  two  employed ,  and  an  argument  will  arise  as  to  who 
is  to  do  the  work,  resulting  in  its  being  poorly  done. 

308.  Inexperienced  markers  require  close  supervision.  The 
man  in  charge  of  each  party  of  markers  should  be  one  familiar  with 
the  work  and  capable  of  instructing  and  controlling  the  markers. 

309.  Each  party  should  be  drilled  in  operating  the  targets  before 
rapid  fire,  skirmish,  and  changing  positions  fire. 

SINGLE   TARGETS. 

310.  Single  targets  are  preferable  in  every  respect  to  double 
targets,  and  all  targets  equipped  with  a  front  and  rear  carriage 
will  be  used  single  target  fashion.  The  rear  carriage  will  carry 
a  weight  for  a  counterbalance,  and  if  a  target  is  used  for  a  counter- 
balance it  will  be  faced  to  the  rear. 

SPOTTERS. 

311.  Spotters  should  be  used  in  all  slow  fire.  They  inform  the 
firer  exactly  where  his  shot  struck.  They  prevent  careless  and 
inaccurate  marking  of  targets  because  the  disking  of  the  value 
must  agree  with  the  location  of  the  spotter.  They  minimize  fraud 
because  it  is  to 3  much  trouble  for  a  busy  marker  to  punch  and 
paste  an  extra  hole  in  the  target  when  the  bullet  hole  is  there  ready 
to  receive  the  spotter. 


I 


EXPLANATION  OF  FORMS  FOR  PREPARING  REPORTS. 
DIVISION  ANNUAL  REPORTS. 

Division  annual  reports  for  each  division  or  equivalent  and  for  officers  and  men 
not  attached  to  divisions,  etc.,  of  each  ship  or  equivalent  are  prepared  from  the  in- 
dividual small  arms  records  and  from  the  range  records  of  division  team  competi- 
tions. Each  report  vill  be  accompanied  by  the  list  of  officers  and  men  v±o  have 
fired  during  the  year,  and  by  a  copy  of  the  individual  small  arms  record  of  each 
officer  v.^h  o  fired. 

Commanding  officers  of  ships  or  equivalents  determine,  unless  it  is  othervise 
fixed,  the  allo^'ed  complement  of  divisions  or  equivalents  and  of  officers  and  men 
not  attached  to  divisions,  etc.  When  the  strength  of  divisions  or  ec(uivalents  or  of 
officers  and  men  not  attached  to  divisions,  etc. ,  is  intended  to  be  variable,  and  is  not 
susceptible  of  having  a  fixed  complement  assigned,  no  figure  of  merit  will  be  as- 
signed. 

SHIPS  ANNUAL  REPORTS. 

Annual  reports  of  ships  or  equivalents  are  prepared  from  the  division  aimual 
reports  and  ships  team  range  records.  To  this  report  vill  be  attached  a  copy  of 
each  division  annual  report  with  its  list  of  officers  and  men  who  have  fired  during 
the  year  and  its  copies  of  the  individual  small  arms  records  of  officers  v^ho  fired. 

When  the  complement  of  a  ship  or  equivalent  is  intended  to  be  variable,  and  is  not 
susceptible  of  being  fixed,  no  figure  of  merit  will  be  assigned. 

INDIVIDUAL  SMALL  ARMS  RECORD. 

The  individual  small  arms  record  for  each  officer  or  man  who  has  fired  will  be 
prepared  from  the  range  records  and  will  contain  the  following  data:  Qualification 
on  joining  division;  each  individual  or  team  course  fired,  with  aggregate  individual 
score,  value  of  prize,  if  any  (in  case  of  oflicers,  if  on  a  prize-winning  team,  the  value 
of  prize  awarded  to  the  enlisted  members), and  date;  and  each  time  firing  member 
of  or  commanded  collective  fire  squad  and  date. 

When  an  officer  or  man  is  changed  from  one  division  or  equivalent  to  another 
of  the  same  ship  or  equivalent,  a  separate  individual  small  arms  record  will  be 
prepared  for  his  firing  in  each  division,  etc.,  and  his  name  should  appear  on  the  list 
of  officers  and  men  who  have  fired  during  the  year  of  each  division  with  which  he 
has  fired. 

Wher  officers  and  men  are  sent  to  distant  ranges  to  fire,  individual  small  arms 
records  should  accompany  them  to  indicate  what  practice  each  one  is  authorized  to 
have,  and  when  any  such  officers  and  men  have  no  individualsmallarms  records  by 
reason  of  not  having  previously  fired  while  assigned  to  division,  individual  small 
arms  records  showing  their  qualifications  should  be  prepared  for  them. 

The  individual  small  arms  record  sheets  of  enlisted  men  are  not  forwarded  with 
reports. 

Note. — The  names  of  men  who  have  not  firetl  during  the  year  are  rot  vShown 
on  any  records,  reports,  or  lists. 


60  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  REGULATIONS. 

LIST  OF  OFFICERS  AND  MEN  WHO  FIRED  DURING  THE  YEAR. 

The  list  of  officers  and  men  who  have  firel  during  the  year  is  prepared  from  the 
individual  small  arms  records.  This  list  and  the  division  annual  report  which  it 
accompanies  must  be  mutually  consistent  with  each  other. 

Arrange  names  in  following  order  and  indicate  final  qualification  attained  dur- 
ing the  year  while  attached  by  the  letters  shown  : 
{ER)  Expert  riflemen  who  qualified  or  requalified  while  in  the  division  during 
the  year. 
Expert  riflemen  firing  any  course  who  were  in  division  at  beginning  of  vear 
who  were  then  expert  riflemen  or  who  joined  division  as  expert  rifle- 
men and  who  did  not  requalify. 
{SS)  Sharpshooters  who  qualified  while  in  division  during  the  year. 

Sharpshooters  firing  any  course  who  did  not  advance  in  qualification. 
(Jf)  Marksmen  who  qualified  while  in  division  during  the  year. 
Marksmen  firing  any  course  who  did  not  advance  in  qualification. 
Unqualified  officers  or  men  firing  any  course, 
(z)    Names  of  men  who  fired  while  in  division  and  who  were  discharged  and  who 
reenlisted,  returned  to  division,  and  then  fired  any  course,  are  shown 
twice  on  this  record. 
Place  surname  first,  followed  by  initials  of  first  name. 
State  rank  or  rate  at  end  of  year  .or  when  separated  from  division. 
State  rifle  qualifications  at  beginning  of  year,  or  when  on  joining  division.    (Use 
abbreviation  E.  R.;  S.  S.;  M.;  Unq.) 

For  the  marksman,  sharpshooter,  and  expert  rifleman  courses  enter  the  score 
made  when  course  is  fired  and  qualification  or  requalification  attained.  When 
qualification  in  the  marksman,  sharpshooter,  or  expert  rifleman  courses  is  attained 
not  by  aggregate  score  but  by  total  score  at  changing  positions  fire,  or  skirmish, 
enter  the  qualifying  score. 

Note  fact  of  firing  pistol  course,  machme-gun  course,  mdividual  competition 
general,  collective  fire,  primary  team  competition,  each  division  team  competition, 
with  value  of  prize  awarded  in  each  (in  case  of  officers  the  value  of  prize  awarded 
to  enlisted  men),  total  number  of  credits  earned  by  each  oflicer  or  man  for  his 
division,  and  fact  of  membership  on  team  in  each  ships  team  competition  with 
value  of  prize.  Note  the  total  amount  of  prize  money  awarded  in  all  courses  to 
each  enlisted  man.  


I 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  L 


